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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Increases the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Women With a Family History of Type 2 Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE— We sought to determine whether a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) further increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in parous women with first-degree relatives with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Women with (n = 332) and without (n = 663) a history of GDM were compared regarding 1) the revised National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III metabolic syndrome criteria, 2) the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, and 3) self-reported CVD. RESULTS— Women with prior GDM were younger (48.6 ± 0.7 vs. 52.4 ± 0.6 years [means ± SE];P < 0.001) and less likely to be postmenopausal (48.3 vs. 57.9%; P < 0.005). Although both groups were obese (BMI 34.4 ± 1.2 vs. 33.7 ± 0.6 kg/m2), women with prior GDM were more likely to have metabolic syndrome (86.6 vs. 73.5%; P < 0.001) and type 2 diabetes (93.4 vs. 63.3%; P < 0.001). Moreover, they had a higher prevalence of CVD (15.5 vs. 12.4%; adjusted odds ratio 1.85 [95% CI 1.21–2.82];P = 0.005) that occurred at a younger age (45.5 ± 2.2 vs. 52.5 ± 1.9 years;P = 0.02) and was independent of metabolic syndrome (1.74 [1.10–2.76]; P = 0.02) and type 2 diabetes (1.56 [1.002–2.43];P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS— Among women with a family history of type 2 diabetes, those with prior GDM were even more likely to not only have CVD risk factors, including metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, but also to have experienced CVD events, which occurred at a younger age. Thus, women with both a family history of type 2 diabetes and personal history of GDM may be especially suitable for early interventions aimed at preventing or reducing their risk of CVD and diabetes.
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“GDM had similar effects on the risk of women developing future CVDs189,190 (Supplementary Table 4), independent of obesity and at a fairly young age191–194.”
From A global view of hypertensive disorders and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy (2022) · cites this paper as [191]
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“as well as CVD events and mortality as they age [59,60,61].”
From Recent Experimental Studies of Maternal Obesity, Diabetes during Pregnancy and the Developmental Origins of Cardiovascular Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [59]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Carr, D. B., Utzschneider, K. M., Hull, R. L., Tong, J., Wallace, T. M., Kodama, K., Shofer, J. B., Heckbert, S. R., Boyko, E. J., Fujimoto, W. Y., Kahn, S. E., & the American Diabetes Association GENNID Study Group
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2006-09-01
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2078-2083
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2157970472
- Cited by
- 350
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 11.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K24DK002654, DK 02654, DK-17047, P30DK017047)
- National Center for Research Resources (K23RR016066, RR 16066)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, family history of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk factors, women, postmenopausal women, obesity, cardiovascular disease prevention, family-based prevention programs, Diabetes Prevention Program, prediabetes, prediabetes screening, prediabetes risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Obesity, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Body Mass Index, Linear Models, Diabetes, Gestational, Metabolic Syndrome
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