Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Upsets the Proportion of Fatty Acids in Umbilical Arterial but Not Venous Plasma
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE—Neonates of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have reduced levels of arachidonic acid (AA) (20:4 n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6 n-3). To assess whether this is the result of impaired placental transfer or endogenous fetal metabolism, fatty acids in umbilical venous and arterial plasma were analyzed in neonates of GDM women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography in the plasma of 15 subjects with GDM and 30 healthy control subjects undergoing elective cesarean section and in vein and artery cord blood collected separately. RESULTS—The percentages of AA (20:4 n-6), DHA (22:6 n-3), and total n-6 or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as well as total PUFAs were lower in umbilical arterial but not in venous plasma of neonates of the GDM versus the control group. CONCLUSIONS—An altered handling or metabolism of long-chain PUFAs by the fetus rather than impaired placental transfer seems to be responsible for the lower proportion of those fatty acids in the plasma of neonates of GDM mothers.
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Women with GDM exhibit lower proportions of AA and DHA in maternal umbilical arteries compared to controls.
“Women with GDM exhibit lower proportions of AA and DHA in maternal umbilical arteries compared to controls, suggesting increased foetal utilisation of LCPUFA [102,103].”
From Medical Nutrition Therapy for Women with Gestational Diabetes: Current Practice and Future Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [102]
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Cites
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“W hereas plasma levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in neonates of women with type 1 diabetes (1), type 2 diabetes (2), or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (3) are low, the levels of AA and DHA in GDM women are normal or even enhanced (4) compared with those of healthy control subjects.”
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“Interestingly, the above findings are compatible with our previous finding that, while the percentage of total fatty acids in umbilical venous plasma of GDM foetuses does not differ from those of controls, the proportion of AA and DHA circulating in umbilical arterial plasma is lower in foetuses from mothers with GDM…”
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BackgroundSelf-citationLipids in Gestational Diabetes: Abnormalities and Significance
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Watkins, O. C., Selvam, P., Pillai, R. A., Cracknell-Hazra, V. K. B., Yong, H. E. J., Sharma, N., Cazenave‐Gassiot, A., Bendt, A. K., Godfrey, K. M., Lewis, R. M., et al. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18309-2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Fisiología del embarazo: Interacción materno-infantil
Cetin, I., & Cardellicchio, M. (2010) · Annales Nestlé (Ed española) · doi:10.1159/000320345
Self-citationFetoplazentare Störungen bei Gestationsdiabetes
Hiden, U., Lang, U., & Desoyé, G. (2009) · Gyn�kologisch-geburtshilfliche Rundschau · doi:10.1159/000301073 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Shojaei‐Zarghani, S., Naziri, Z., Nasr, M., Rostamian, F., Mokhtari, Z., & Kazemi, A. (2026) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103398 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Fatty Acid Supply in Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Szabó, É., Marosvölgyi, T., & Décsi, T. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/22802
“In contrast, there were no www.intechopen.com Fatty Acid Supply in Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus 449 significant differences in the fatty acid composition of plasma lipids between mothers with GDM and controls at delivery in an Italian study (Ortega-Senovilla et al., 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialPhysiologie de la grossesse: Interactions entre la mère et l’enfant
Cetin, I., & Cardellicchio, M. (2010) · Annales Nestlé (Ed française) · doi:10.1159/000321039 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationLong, W., Guo, F., Yao, J., Wei, Q., Yin, L., Xu, J., & Cao, X. (2026) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2026.2653945
“In contrast, umbilical vein blood is derived from placental capillaries [39], and may reflect the extent to which maternal FAs are absorbed by the placenta and transferred to the fetus.”
Placental and humoral alterations in gestational diabetes
Stirm, L. (2018) · doi:10.15496/publikation-24359
“They were proposed to affect placental and fetal lipid metabolism [25, 67] and mediate in utero the offspring’s risk the develop T2D later in life [26, 66].”
BackgroundCurrent literature in diabetes
(2009) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.993
Perinatal nutrition and metabolic disease
Cruz, G., Fernandois, D., Jorquera, G., Llanos, P., Maliqueo, M. A., & Molina, X. E. P. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813862-5.00009-8
- Authors
- Ortega-Senovilla, H., Alvino, G., Taricco, E., Cetin, I., & Herrera, E.
- Affiliations
- Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine, Universidad San Pablo Centro de Estudios Universitarios (CEU), Madrid, Spain
- University of Milan (IT)
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2009-01-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 120-122
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- PMC
- PMC2606843
- OpenAlex
- W2115116275
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 6.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- European Commission
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, umbilical cord blood, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, omega-6 fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, placental transfer, neonates
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cesarean Section, Chromatography, Gas, Fatty Acids, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Reference Values, Umbilical Arteries, Umbilical Veins, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Diabetes, Gestational, Fatty Acids, Omega-6
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