Prevalence of Pre-Diabetes and Its Association With Clustering of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Hyperinsulinemia Among U.S. Adolescents

Li, Chaoyang; Ford, Earl S.; Zhao, Guixiang; Mokdad, Ali H.

doi:10.2337/dc08-1128

Cited by 340Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsObesity, Physical Activity, DietDiabetes Management and Research

Prevalence of Pre-Diabetes and Its Association With Clustering of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Hyperinsulinemia Among U.S. Adolescents

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Li, Chaoyang, Ford, Earl S., Zhao, Guixiang, Mokdad, Ali H.·2009·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/dc08-1128PMC PMC2628705

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE—Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are considered to constitute “pre-diabetes.” We estimated the prevalence of IFG, IGT, and pre-diabetes among U.S. adolescents using data from a nationally representative sample. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We analyzed data from participants aged 12–19 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2006. We used fasting plasma glucose and 2-h glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test to assess the prevalence of IFG, IGT, and pre-diabetes and used the log-binomial model to estimate the prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS—The unadjusted prevalences of IFG, IGT, and pre-diabetes were 13.1, 3.4, and 16.1%, respectively. Boys had a 2.4-fold higher prevalence of pre-diabetes than girls (95% CI 1.3–4.3). Non-Hispanic blacks had a lower rate than non-Hispanic whites (PR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.9). Adolescents aged 16–19 years had a lower rate than those aged 12–15 years (0.6, 0.4–0.9). Overweight adolescents had a 2.6-fold higher rate than those with normal weight (1.3–5.1). Adolescents with two or more cardiometabolic risk factors had a 2.7-fold higher rate than those with none (1.5–4.8). Adolescents with hyperinsulinemia had a fourfold higher prevalence (2.2–7.4) than those without. Neither overweight nor number of cardiometabolic risk factors was significantly associated with pre-diabetes after adjustment for hyperinsulinemia. CONCLUSIONS—Pre-diabetes was highly prevalent among adolescents. Hyperinsulinemia was independently associated with pre-diabetes and may account for the association of overweight and clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors with pre-diabetes.

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The count of youth with elevated fasting blood sugar rose 87% between 1999-2000 and 2005-2006.
“The number of youth with elevated fasting blood sugar increased 87% from 1999–2000 to 2005–2006”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [318]

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Authors: Li, C., Ford, E. S., Zhao, G., & Mokdad, A. H.
Affiliations: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author: Li, Chaoyang
ORCID: Li, Chaoyang
Zhao, Guixiang
Mokdad, Ali H.
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2009-02-01
Volume: 32
Issue: 2
Pages: 342-347
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/dc08-1128
PMC: PMC2628705
OpenAlex: W1978039317
Cited by: 340
References: 28
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 25
FWCI: 10.64
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords: prediabetes, adolescents, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, cardiometabolic risk factors, risk factor clustering, overweight, prevalence, sex differences, racial differences, fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Blood Glucose, Child, Fasting, Female, Heart Diseases, Humans, Hyperinsulinism, Interviews as Topic, Life Style, Male, Metabolic Diseases, Nutrition Surveys, Prediabetic State, Risk Factors, Sex Characteristics, United States, Prevalence, Glucose Intolerance, Racial Groups, Young Adult

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Prevalence of Pre-Diabetes and Its Association With Clustering of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Hyperinsulinemia Among U.S. Adolescents

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