Cited by 337Diabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes Management and EducationPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

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Psychometric Properties of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-II for Adults With Type 1 Diabetes

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Gonder-Frederick, Linda A., Schmidt, Karen M., Vajda, Karen A., Greear, Megan L., Singh, Harsimran, Shepard, Jaclyn A., Cox, Daniel J.·2011·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/dc10-1343PMC PMC3064031

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To perform the first comprehensive psychometric evaluation of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-II (HFS-II), a measure of the behavioral and affective dimensions of fear of hypoglycemia, using modern test-theory methods, including item-response theory (IRT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Surveys completed in four previous studies by 777 adults with type 1 diabetes were aggregated for analysis, with 289 subjects completing both subscales of the HFS-II and 488 subjects completing only the Worry subscale. The aggregated sample (53.3% female, 44.4% using insulin pumps) had a mean age of 41.9 years, diabetes duration of 23.8 years, HbA1c value of 7.7%, and 1.4 severe hypoglycemic episodes in the past year. Data analysis included exploratory factor analysis using polychoric correlations and IRT. Factors were analyzed for fit, trait-level locations, point-measure correlations, and separation values. RESULTS: Internal and test-retest reliability was good, as well as convergent validity, as demonstrated by significant correlations with other measures of psychological distress. Scores were significantly higher in subjects who had experienced severe hypoglycemia in the past year. Factor analyses validated the two subscales of the HFS-II. Item analyses showed that 12 of 15 items on the Behavior subscale, and all of the items on the Worry subscale had good-fit statistics. CONCLUSIONS: The HFS-II is a reliable and valid measure of the fear of hypoglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes, and factor analyses and IRT support the two separate subscales of the survey.

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Authors: Gonder-Frederick, L. A., Schmidt, K. M., Vajda, K. A., Greear, M. L., Singh, H., Shepard, J. A., & Cox, D. J.
Affiliations: University of Virginia (US)
Corresponding author: Gonder-Frederick, Linda A.
ORCID: Gonder-Frederick, Linda A.
Singh, Harsimran
Shepard, Jaclyn A.
Cox, Daniel J.
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2011-03-21
Volume: 34
Issue: 4
Pages: 801-806
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/dc10-1343
PMC: PMC3064031
OpenAlex: W2162727613
Cited by: 337
References: 23
Citations by year: 2026: 29 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 8.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ (vor, 3817 d)
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01dk051562-23, 5r01dk028288-27)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R21DK080896, R01-DK-051562, R01-DK-028288)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: fear of hypoglycemia, type 1 diabetes, psychometric properties, item response theory, factor analysis, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, severe hypoglycemia, adults with diabetes
MeSH terms: Adult, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Fear, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemia, Male, Psychometrics

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Psychometric Properties of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-II for Adults With Type 1 Diabetes

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