Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide 3.0 mg in Individuals With Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Basal Insulin: The SCALE Insulin Randomized Controlled Trial
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Most individuals with type 2 diabetes also have obesity, and treatment with some diabetes medications, including insulin, can cause further weight gain. No approved chronic weight management medications have been prospectively investigated in individuals with overweight or obesity and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. The primary objective of this study was to assess the effect of liraglutide 3.0 mg versus placebo on weight loss in this population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Satiety and Clinical Adiposity—Liraglutide Evidence (SCALE) Insulin was a 56-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational, multicenter trial in individuals with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin and ≤2 oral antidiabetic drugs. RESULTS: Individuals were randomized to liraglutide 3.0 mg (n = 198) or placebo (n = 198), combined with intensive behavioral therapy (IBT). At 56 weeks, mean weight change was −5.8% for liraglutide 3.0 mg versus −1.5% with placebo (estimated treatment difference −4.3% [95% CI −5.5; −3.2]; P < 0.0001). With liraglutide 3.0 mg, 51.8% of individuals achieved ≥5% weight loss versus 24.0% with placebo (odds ratio 3.41 [95% CI 2.19; 5.31]; P < 0.0001). Liraglutide 3.0 mg was associated with significantly greater reductions in mean HbA1c and mean daytime glucose values and less need for insulin versus placebo, despite a treat-to-glycemic-target protocol. More hypoglycemic events were observed with placebo than liraglutide 3.0 mg. No new safety or tolerability issues were observed. CONCLUSIONS: In individuals with overweight or obesity and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, liraglutide 3.0 mg as an adjunct to IBT was superior to placebo regarding weight loss and improved glycemic control despite lower doses of basal insulin and without increases in hypoglycemic events.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In patients with diabetes, semaglutide met both FDA efficacy benchmark criteria, whereas liraglutide did not meet the mean-difference criterion versus placebo.
“In patients with diabetes, both efficacy benchmarks were achieved by semaglutide [22], while the efficacy of liraglutide did not meet the criteria in mean difference between active product vs. placebo [20, 21].”
From Efficacy of GLP-1 RA Approved for Weight Management in Patients With or Without Diabetes: A Narrative Review (2022) · cites this paper as [21]
In the SCALE Diabetes and SCALE Insulin trials, liraglutide's mean weight-loss difference versus placebo was below 5% after one year, but 51.8% to 54.3% of liraglutide-treated participants lost at least 5% of baseline body weight.
“In both trials the difference in mean weight loss between the liraglutide and placebo-treated groups was < 5% after 1 year of treatment, but the proportion of subjects who lost ≥ 5% of baseline body weight in the liraglutide group was > 35%, from 51.8 to 54.3% [20, 21].”
From Efficacy of GLP-1 RA Approved for Weight Management in Patients With or Without Diabetes: A Narrative Review (2022) · cites this paper as [21]
In patients with diabetes, weight loss of at least 15% was achieved almost exclusively by those receiving liraglutide or semaglutide, not by those receiving placebo.
“While some patients with diabetes achieved ≥ 5 or 10% with placebo, higher levels of ≥ 15% in patients with diabetes were achieved almost exclusively with those who received liraglutide or semaglutide and not by those on placebo [20–22].”
From Efficacy of GLP-1 RA Approved for Weight Management in Patients With or Without Diabetes: A Narrative Review (2022) · cites this paper as [21]
Basal insulin has well-established weight gain potential.
“Notably, SCALE Insulin trial explored the antiobesity efficacy of liraglutide in diabetics treated with basal insulin that has well-established weight gain potential [21].”
From Efficacy of GLP-1 RA Approved for Weight Management in Patients With or Without Diabetes: A Narrative Review (2022) · cites this paper as [21]
In the SCALE Insulin trial, fewer hypoglycaemic episodes were reported with liraglutide 3 mg than with placebo.
“In the SCALE Insulin trial, fewer hypoglycaemic episodes were reported with liraglutide 3 mg than with placebo.”
From Efficacy of GLP-1 RA Approved for Weight Management in Patients With or Without Diabetes: A Narrative Review (2022) · cites this paper as [21]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Turner, R. C., Fox, C., Matthews, McElroy, H. H., Cull, C. A., Holman, R. R., Neil, P., Hadden, D. R., Wright, D., Manley, E., et al. (1998) · The Lancet · Cited by 8,419 · see citing works
Abarca-Gómez, L., Abdeen, Z. A., Hamid, Z. A., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M., Acosta-Cazares, B., Acuin, C., Adams, R. J., Aekplakorn, W., Afsana, K., Aguilar-Salinas, C. A., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32129-3 · Cited by 7,482 · see citing works
The Disease Burden Associated With Overweight and Obesity
Must, A. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.16.1523 · Cited by 4,804 · see citing works
Zhou, B., Lu, Y., Hajifathalian, K., Bentham, J., Di Cesare, M., Danaei, G., Bixby, H., Cowan, M., Ali, M., Taddei, C., et al. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00618-8 · Cited by 4,311 · see citing works
Guh, D. P., Zhang, W., Bansback, N., Amarsi, Z., Birmingham, C. L., & Anis, A. H. (2009) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-88 · Cited by 3,855 · see citing works
Davies, M. J., D’Alessio, D. A., Fradkin, J., Kernan, W. N., Mathieu, C., Mingrone, G., Rossing, P., Tsapas, A., Wexler, D. J., & Buse, J. B. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci18-0033 · Cited by 3,518 · see citing works
Self-citationGandevia, B., & Tovell, A. (1964) · PubMed · Cited by 2,068 · see citing works
Weight gain as a risk factor for clinical diabetes mellitus in women
Colditz, G. A., Willett, W. C., Rotnitzky, A., & Manson, J. E. (1995) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-122-7-199504010-00001 · Cited by 2,064 · see citing works
Garvey, W. T., Mechanick, J. I., Brett, E. M., Garber, A. J., Hurley, D. L., Jastreboff, A. M., Nadolsky, K., Pessah-Pollack, R., & Plodkowski, R. (2016) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep161365.gl · Cited by 1,914 · see citing works
Self-citationBray, G. A., Kim, K. K., Wilding, J. P. H., & on behalf of the World Obesity Federation (2017) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12551 · Cited by 1,612 · see citing works
Davies, M. J., D’Alessio, D. A., Fradkin, J., Kernan, W. N., Mathieu, C., Mingrone, G., Rossing, P., Tsapas, A., Wexler, D. J., & Buse, J. B. (2018) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-018-4729-5 · Cited by 1,455 · see citing works
Self-citationSeaquist, E. R., Anderson, J., Childs, B., Cryer, P., Dagogo-Jack, S., Fish, L., Heller, S. R., Rodriguez, H., Rosenzweig, J., & Vigersky, R. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-2480 · Cited by 1,389 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Hypoglycemia Classification Hypoglycemiawasdefinedusing theADA classification (22).”
Pharmacological Management of Obesity: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Apovian, C. M., Aronne, L. J., Bessesen, D. H., McDonnell, M. E., Murad, M. H., Pagotto, U., Ryan, D. H., & Still, C. D. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-3415 · Cited by 1,347 · see citing works
Davies, M. J., Bergenstal, R., Bode, B., Kushner, R. F., Lewin, A., Skjøth, T. V., Andreasen, A. H., Jensen, C. B., DeFronzo, R. A., & for the NN8022-1922 Study Group (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.9676 · Cited by 1,198 · see citing works
Self-citationCamacho, P. M., Petak, S. M., Binkley, N., Clarke, B. L., Harris, S. T., Hurley, D. L., Kleerekoper, M., Lewiecki, E. M., Miller, P. D., Narula, H. S., et al. (2016) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep161435.esgl · Cited by 1,140 · see citing works
van Can, J., Sloth, B., Jensen, C. B., Flint, A., Blaak, E. E., & Saris, W. H. M. (2014) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.162 · Cited by 537 · cited 1× · see citing works
“0 mg in the present trial was the result of the direct action of liraglutide on feelings of hunger and satiety and possible delay in gastric emptying (26,27), or the result of indirectly reducing insulin requirements and use of SUs, requires further investigation.”
BackgroundSelf-citationCarpenter, J. R., Roger, J. H., & Kenward, M. G. (2013) · Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics · doi:10.1080/10543406.2013.834911 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Buse, J. B., Vilsbøll, T., Thurman, J., Blevins, T. C., Langbakke, I. H., Bøttcher, S. G., & Rodbard, H. W. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-0785 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Halawi, H., Khemani, D., Eckert, D., O'Neill, J., Kadouh, H., Grothe, K., Clark, M. M., Burton, D. D., Vella, A., Acosta, A., et al. (2017) · The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s2468-1253(17)30285-6 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Wadden, T. A., Tronieri, J. S., Sugimoto, D., Lund, M. T., Auerbach, P., Jensen, C., & Rubino, D. (2020) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22726 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citationInsulin Therapy in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Opportunities and Challenges?
Home, P., Riddle, M. C., Cefalu, W. T., Bailey, C. J., Bretzel, R. G., Prato, S. D., LeRoith, D., Schernthaner, G., Gaal, L. V., & Raz, I. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-2743 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Bae, J. P., Lage, M. J., Mo, D., Nelson, D. R., & Hoogwerf, B. J. (2015) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.11.016 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Weight Loss in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Pi-Sunyer, X. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.6.1526 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
BAJAJ, H. S., Venn, K., Ye, C., Patrick, A., Kalra, S., Khandwala, H. M., Aslam, N., Twum-Barima, D., & Aronson, R. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-1582 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Kenkre, J. S., Tan, T., & Bloom, S. R. (2013) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1586/ecp.13.5 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Oxidative Stress: Signaling Pathways, Biological Functions, and Disease
Liu, S., Liu, J., Wang, Y., Deng, F., & Deng, Z. (2025) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.70268 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Lopez-Jimenez, F., Almahmeed, W., Bays, H., Cuevas, A., Di Angelantonio, E., le Roux, C. W., Sattar, N., Sun, M. C., Wittert, G., Pinto, F. J., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwac187 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on Pharmacological Interventions for Adults With Obesity
Grunvald, E., Shah, R., Hernaez, R., Chandar, A. K., Pickett-Blakely, O., Teigen, L. M., Harindhanavudhi, T., Sultan, S., Singh, S., & Davitkov, P. (2022) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2022.08.045 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Heymsfield, S. B., Coleman, L. A., Miller, R., Rooks, D. S., Laurent, D., Petricoul, O., Praestgaard, J., Swan, T., Wade, T., Perry, R. G., et al. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.33457 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Ard, J., Fitch, A., Fruh, S., & Herman, L. (2021) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-021-01710-0 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Min, T., & Bain, S. (2020) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-020-00981-0 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Nevola, R., Epifani, R., Imbriani, S., Tortorella, G., Aprea, C., Galiero, R., Rinaldi, L., Marfella, R., & Sasso, F. C. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24021703 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Jensterle, M., Rizzo, M., Haluzík, M., & Janež, A. (2022) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-022-02153-x · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Wharton, S., Calanna, S., Davies, M., Dicker, D., Goldman, B., Lingvay, I., Mosenzon, O., Rubino, D. M., Thomsen, M., Wadden, T. A., et al. (2022) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14551 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
“0 mg, another GLP-1RA, approved for treatment of overweight or obesity, can also result in mild-or-moderate GI AEs of a nature similar to those reported in the STEP trials, primarily during initial dose escalation.(33-37)”
ResultSelf-citationPharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes: An update and future directions
DeMarsilis, A. J., Reddy, N., Boutari, C., Filippaios, A., Sternthal, E., Katsiki, N., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2022) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155332 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Kloock, S., Ziegler, C. G., & Dischinger, U. (2023) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108549 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Nadolsky, K., Garvey, W. T., Agarwal, M., Bonnecaze, A., Burguera, B., Chaplin, M. D., Griebeler, M. L., Harris, S. R., Schellinger, J. N., Simonetti, J., et al. (2025) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2025.07.017 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-citationEfficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity Management
Sinha, R., Papamargaritis, D., Sargeant, J. A., & Davies, M. J. (2023) · Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.7570/jomes22067 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Hu, W., Song, R., Cheng, R., Liu, C., Guo, R., Tang, W., Zhang, J., Zhao, Q., Li, X., & Liu, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.927859 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Pierret, A. C. S., Mizuno, Y., Saunders, P., Lim, E., De Giorgi, R., Howes, O. D., McCutcheon, R. A., McGowan, B., Sen Gupta, P., Smith, D., et al. (2025) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2025.0679 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Horn, D. B., Almandoz, J. P., & Look, M. (2022) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.1080/00325481.2022.2051366 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Chiang, C.-H., Jaroenlapnopparat, A., Colak, S. C., Yu, C.-C., Xanthavanij, N., Wang, T.-H., See, X. Y., Lo, S.-W., Ko, A., Chang, Y.-C., et al. (2025) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2025.06.003 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Muzurović, E. M., Volčanšek, Š., Zibar, K., Janež, A., Mikhailidis, D. P., Rizzo, M., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2022) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1177/10742484221146371 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
McGowan, B., Ciudin, A., Baker, J. L., Busetto, L., Dicker, D., Frühbeck, G., Goossens, G. H., Monami, M., Sbraccia, P., Martinez-Tellez, B., et al. (2025) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-025-03978-z · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Do GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Increase the Risk of Breast Cancer? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Piccoli, G. F., Mesquita, L. A., Stein, C., Aziz, M. M., Zoldan, M., Degobi, N. A. H., Spiazzi, B. F., Junior, G. L. L., Colpani, V., & Gerchman, F. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa891 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Papamargaritis, D., le Roux, C. W., Holst, J. J., & Davies, M. J. (2024) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvac176 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Pan, X., Tan, B. C., Chin, Y. H., Lee, E. C. Z., Kong, G., Chong, B., Kueh, M. T. W., Khoo, C. M., Mehta, A., Majety, P., et al. (2024) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.24002 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Progress in Pharmacotherapy for Obesity
Yanovski, S. Z., & Yanovski, J. A. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.9486 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Silverii, G. A., Marinelli, C., Bettarini, C., Del Vescovo, G. G., Monami, M., & Mannucci, E. (2025) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.16489 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
A Comprehensive Review on Weight Loss Associated with Anti-Diabetic Medications
Haddad, F., Dokmak, G., Bader, M., & Karaman, R. (2023) · Life · doi:10.3390/life13041012 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Association of Perioperative Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use and Postoperative Outcomes
Aschen, S. Z., Zhang, A., O’Connell, G. M., Salingaros, S., Andy, C., Rohde, C. H., & Spector, J. A. (2024) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000006614 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Wharton, S., Astrup, A., Endahl, L., Lean, M. E. J., Satylganova, A., Skovgaard, D., Wadden, T. A., & Wilding, J. P. H. (2021) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-020-00733-x · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationYeh, T., Tsai, M.-C., Tsai, W.-H., Tu, Y., & Chien, K. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0278685 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Cimino, G., Vaduganathan, M., Lombardi, C., Pagnesi, M., Vizzardi, E., Tomasoni, D., Adamo, M., Metra, M., & Inciardi, R. M. (2023) · ESC Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ehf2.14560 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Ebrahimi, P., Batlle, J. C., Ayati, A., Maqsood, M. H., Long, C., Tarabanis, C., McGowan, N., Liebers, D. T., Laynor, G., Hosseini, K., et al. (2025) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2025.0091 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Incretin-based therapies for the treatment of obesity-related diseases
Caruso, I., Cignarelli, A., Sorice, G. P., Perrini, S., & Giorgino, F. (2024) · npj Metabolic Health and Disease · doi:10.1038/s44324-024-00030-5 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Seidu, S., Cos, X., Brunton, S., Harris, S. B., Jansson, S. P. O., Mata‐Cases, M., Neijens, A. M. J., Topsever, P., & Khunti, K. K. (2022) · Primary care diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2022.02.002 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in managing type 2 diabetes
Nachawi, N., Rao, P. P., & Makin, V. (2022) · Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3949/ccjm.89a.21110 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
GLP-1 and the Neurobiology of Eating Control: Recent Advances
Jones, L. A., & Brierley, D. I. (2025) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqae167 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Konwar, M., Bose, D., Jaiswal, S. K., Maurya, M. K., & Ravi, R. (2022) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1155/2022/1201977 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Alsaqaaby, M. S., Cooney, S., le Roux, C. W., & Pournaras, D. J. (2024) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00098-6 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Karakasis, P., Vlachos, K. G., Antoniadis, A. P., Siontis, K. C., Patoulias, D., Fragakis, N., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2025) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2025.156463 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Moon, S., Lee, J., Chung, H. S., Kim, Y. J., Yu, J. M., Yu, S. H., & Oh, C.-M. (2021) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2020.934 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Arredouani, A. (2025) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2025.108824 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
GPR119 agonists: Novel therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Manaithiya, A., Alam, O., Sharma, V., Naim, M. J., Mittal, S., & Khan, I. A. (2021) · Bioorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104998 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Risk for Cancer With Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Dual Agonists
Ko, A., Chang, Y.-C., Bahar, F., Wang, T. H., Xanthavanij, N., Yu, C.-C., Hsieh, R. J.-L., See, X. Y., Lo, S., Song, J., et al. (2025) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/annals-25-02237 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Whole-body cryostimulation in obesity. A scoping review
Fontana, J. M., Bozgeyik, S., Gobbi, M., Piterà, P., Giusti, E. M., Dugué, B., Lombardi, G., & Capodaglio, P. (2022) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103250 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Atlas, S. J., Kim, K., Nhan, E., Touchette, D. R., Moradi, A., Agboola, F., Rind, D. M., Beaudoin, F. L., & Pearson, S. D. (2023) · Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy · doi:10.18553/jmcp.2023.29.5.569 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists: A Medication for Obesity Management
Taha, M. B., Yahya, T., Satish, P., Laird, R., Agatston, A. S., Cainzos-Achirica, M., Patel, K. V., & Nasir, K. (2022) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-022-01041-7 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Block, C. E. M. D., Dirinck, E. L., Verhaegen, A. A., & Gaal, L. F. V. (2022) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14640 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Toms, J. A., O’Neill, E. S., Wiegmann, A. L., Adepoju, J. O., & Raj, M. S. (2024) · Aesthetic Surgery Journal · doi:10.1093/asj/sjae085 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Alkhouri, N., Charlton, M., Gray, M. E., & Noureddin, M. (2025) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1080/13543784.2025.2473062 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Lin, Q., Xue, Y., Zou, H., Ruan, Z., Ung, C. O. L., & Hu, H. (2022) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2022.2130760 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Weight loss effect of liraglutide in real-life: the experience of a single Italian obesity center
Ferrari, F., Fierabracci, P., Salvetti, G., Jaccheri, R., Vitti, J., Scartabelli, G., Meola, A., Magno, S., Ceccarini, G., & Santini, F. (2020) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-020-01334-1 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Goldenberg, R. M., Gilbert, J. D., Manjoo, P., Pedersen, S. D., Woo, V. C., & Lovshin, J. A. (2024) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13663 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationWan, J., Ferrari, C., & Tadros, M. S. (2024) · Gastroenterology Insights · doi:10.3390/gastroent15010014 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Wong, H. J., Toh, K. Z. X., Teo, Y. H., Teo, Y. N., Chan, M. Y., Yeo, L. L. L., Eng, P. C., Tan, B. Y., Zhou, X., Yang, Q., et al. (2024) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000003903 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Posttransplant diabetes mellitus: recent developments in pharmacological management of hyperglycemia
Munoz Pena, J. M., & Cusi, K. (2023) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad395 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Price, S., & Nankervis, A. J. (2025) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-024-07849-9 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Gopan, G., Jose, J., Khot, K. B., & Bandiwadekar, A. (2023) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125374 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The current significance and prospects for the use of dual receptor agonism GLP-1/Glucagon
Spezani, R., & Mandarim-de-Lacerda, C. A. (2022) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120188 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Dash, S. (2024) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15829 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Liu, Y., He, L., Han, S., Ping, F., Li, W., Xu, L., Zhang, H., & Li, Y. (2025) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.124.039446 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Muzurović, E. M., Katsiki, N., Volčanšek, Š., Plescia, F., Rizzo, M., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2026) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2026.156494 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sabatella, L., Ortega, P., Valentí, V., Rotellar, F., Pagola, A. U., Ahmed, A. R., Purkayastha, S., Tuero, C., Blanco, N., & Landecho, M. F. (2025) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.70100 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Clinical Impact of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Analogs on the Complications of Obesity
Yazıcı, D., Eser, H. Y., Kiyici, S. K., Sancak, S., Sezer, H., Uygur, M., & Yumuk, V. (2022) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000526808 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Smith, I., Hardy, E., Mitchell, S., & Batson, S. (2022) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s392952 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Gill, L. A., & Mackey, S. (2021) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2020.8683 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Lisco, G., Tullio, A. D., Disoteo, O., Geronimo, V. D., Piazzolla, G., Pergola, G. D., Giagulli, V. A., Jirillo, E., Guastamacchia, E., Sabbà, C., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.920541 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Chetty, A. K., Rafi, E., Bellini, N. J., Buchholz, N., & Isaacs, D. M. (2023) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2023.12.010 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Obesity and Exercise: New Insights and Perspectives
James, N. M., & Stanford, K. I. (2025) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaf017 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Agonists
Chan, P. Y. W., Mika, A. P., Martin, J. R., & Wilson, J. M. (2024) · JBJS Reviews · doi:10.2106/jbjs.rvw.23.00167 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Sinha, B., & Ghosal, S. (2025) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.24360 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Pharmacological Treatments and Natural Biocompounds in Weight Management
Gasmi, A., Mujawdiya, P. K., Nehaoua, A., Shanaida, M., Semenova, Y. M., Piscopo, S., Menzel, A., Voloshyn, V., Voloshyn, O., Shanaida, V., et al. (2023) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph16020212 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
New Insights into the Use of Liraglutide—Impact on Cardiovascular Risk and Microvascular Outcomes
Wronka, M., Krzemińska, J., Młynarska, E., Rysz, J., & Franczyk, B. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11041159 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The role of incretin receptor agonists in the treatment of obesity
Forst, T. M., Block, C. E. M. D., Prato, S. D., Armani, S., Frías, J. P., Lautenbach, A., Ludvik, B. H., Marinez, M., Mathieu, C., Müller, T. D., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15796 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Atualizações sobre os medicamentos da Diretriz Brasileira de Obesidade: uma revisão de literatura
Marcon, G. M., Sanches, A. C. C., & Virtuoso, S. (2022) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v11i4.27139 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Woodfield, A., Gonzales, T., Helmerhorst, E., Laws, S. M., Newsholme, P., Porter, T., & Verdile, G. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232415811 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Pharmacotherapy as an Augmentation to Bariatric Surgery for Obesity
Horváth, L., Mráz, M., Jude, E. B., & Haluzı́k, M. (2024) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-024-02029-0 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Re-evaluating the concept of remission in type 2 diabetes: a call for patient-centric approaches
Khunti, K., Papamargaritis, D., Aroda, V. R., Anjana, R. M., & Kashyap, S. R. (2025) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(25)00134-2 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Khan, T. T. S., Sheikh, Z., Maleknia, S. D., Oveissi, F., Fathi, A., Abrams, T., Ong, H. X., & Traini, D. (2024) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/17425247.2024.2387110 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
PAGE, L. C., & Freemark, M. (2020) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-020-00409-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Patient initiation and maintenance of GLP-1 RAs for treatment of obesity
Patel, D., & Smith, A. (2021) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2021.1947796 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Jeyakumar, Y., Richardson, L., Sarma, S., Retnakaran, R. R., & Kramer, C. K. (2024) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2024-017177 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Capristo, E., Maione, A., Lucisano, G., Russo, M. F., Mingrone, G., & Nicolucci, A. (2021) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2021.05.023 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationForst, T. M., Block, C. E. M. D., Prato, S. D., Frías, J. P., Lautenbach, A., Ludvik, B. H., Marinez, M., Mathieu, C., Müller, T. D., & Schnell, O. (2025) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.16247 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Seetharaman, R., Pawar, S. R., & Advani, M. (2021) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.15100 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Chiang, C., Chang, Y., Yu, C.-C., See, X. Y., Wang, T. H., Xanthavanij, N., Song, J., Lo, S., Chiang, C.-H., Lake, L. L., et al. (2025) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1016/j.jtha.2025.06.020 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
le Roux, C. W., & Mondoh, A. (2024) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2024.2311731 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Anti-obesity weight loss medications: Short-term and long-term use
Jeong, D., & Priefer, R. (2022) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120825 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Hasanzad, M., Sarhangi, N., Nikfar, S., Ostad, S. N., & Meybodi, H. R. A. (2020) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40200-020-00619-9 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The dual challenge of diabesity: pathophysiology, management, and future directions
Sindhwani, R., Bora, K., & Hazra, S. (2024) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-024-03713-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Errafii, K., Al-Akl, N. S., Khalifa, O., & Arredouani, A. (2021) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-021-02885-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Babazadeh, D., Wyatt, S., & Steinberg, F. M. (2025) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100491 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
van Baar, A. C. G., Meiring, S., Holleman, F., Hopkins, D., Mingrone, G., Deviere, J. M. E., Nieuwdorp, M., & Bergman, J. J. G. H. M. (2021) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323931 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvances in obesity pharmacotherapy; learning from metabolic surgery and beyond
Tsilingiris, D., & Kokkinos, A. D. (2023) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155741 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Jiang, N., Su, D., Chen, D., Huang, S., Tang, C., Jing, L., Yang, C.-Y., Zhou, Z., Yan, Z., & Han, J. D. J. (2023) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01049 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Zappa, M. A., Iossa, A., Busetto, L., Chiappetta, S., Greco, F., Lucchese, M., Micanti, F., Mingrone, G., Navarra, G., Raffaelli, M., et al. (2023) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-023-01537-4 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, M., Xu, X., Chen, X., Guo, Y., Zhang, S., Lin, Y., Zhou, H., Li, M., Xie, P., Xia, W., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwad165 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Jia, I.-I.-T. T., Bloomfield, G. C., Chen, M. Y., Cunningham, M. H., Azagury, D. E., Alimi, Y., & Prindeze, N. J. (2025) · Surgical Endoscopy · doi:10.1007/s00464-025-12086-5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Jansson, A. K., Gómez‐Martín, M., Hedin, L. E., Clarke, E. D., Cross, V., Stanford, J., Taylor, R., Bogl, L. H., de Vlieger, N., Koochek, A., et al. (2026) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.70077 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Consensus on pharmacological treatment of obesity in Latin America
Cappelletti, A. M., Montero, A. V., Cercato, C., Ossman, J. J. D., Vasquez, P. E. F., García, J. E. G., Mancillas‐Adame, L. G., Manrique, H. A., Monterroso, F. D. M. R., Segarra, P., et al. (2023) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13683 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
An insoluble cellulose nanofiber with robust expansion capacity protects against obesity
Yu, J. G., Gao, M., Wang, L., Guo, X., Liu, X., Sheng, M., Cheng, S., Guo, Y., Wang, J., Zhao, C., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134401 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Soliman, A. R., Saleem, H. M. E., Meligi, A. A. H. E., Naguib, M., Mohamed, R. S., Abdelaziz, G. R., Rakha, M., Abdelghaffar, S., Hamed, A. E., Hammad, H., et al. (2025) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-024-01564-w · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Rodriguez, N. S., & Hartmann, P. (2025) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.pharmr.2025.100058 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Garvey, W. T., Birkenfeld, A. L., Dicker, D., Mingrone, G., Pedersen, S. D., Satylganova, A., Skovgaard, D., Sugimoto, D., Jensen, C., & Mosenzon, O.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- King's College London (GB)
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
- C-ENDO Diabetes and Endocrinology Clinic, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Novo Nordisk (Denmark) (DK)
- Cedar Crosse Research Center, Chicago, IL
- Hadassah Medical Center (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Garvey, W. Timothy
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2020-03-04
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1085-1093
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- PMC
- PMC7171937
- OpenAlex
- W3010125829
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 7
- FWCI
- 13.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Site cant be reached (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- PuSH - Publication Server of Helmholtz Zentrum München (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK056336, P30DK079626)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- liraglutide, type 2 diabetes, obesity, overweight, basal insulin, weight loss, glycemic control, HbA1c, hypoglycemia, insulin dose reduction, GLP-1 receptor agonists
- MeSH terms
- Liraglutide, Adult, Aged, Behavior Therapy, Blood Glucose, Combined Modality Therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Double-Blind Method, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Weight Loss, Treatment Outcome, Adiposity, Overweight
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
