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Cited by 154Diabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes Treatment and ManagementPancreatic function and diabetes

Metabolic Effects of Reducing Rate of Glucose Ingestion by Single Bolus Versus Continuous Sipping

Jenkins, David J A, Wolever, Thomas M S, Ocana, Anthony M, Vuksan, Vladimir, Cunnane, Stephen C, Jenkins, Mark, Wong, Gerald S, Singer, William +3 more·1990·Diabetes
DOI 10.2337/diab.39.7.775
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Abstract

Modifying the rate of absorption has been proposed as a therapeutic principle of specific relevance to diabetes. To demonstrate clearly the metabolic benefits that might result from reducing the rate of nutrient delivery, nine healthy volunteers took 50 g glucose in 700 ml water on two occasions: over 5-10 min (bolus) and at a constant rate over 3.5 h (sipping). Despite similar 4-h blood glucose areas, large reductions were seen in serum insulin (54 +/- 10%, P less than 0.001) and C-peptide (47 +/- 12%, P less than 0.01) areas after sipping, together with lower gastric inhibitory polypeptide and enteroglucagon levels and urinary catecholamine output. There was also prolonged suppression of plasma glucagon, growth hormone, and free-fatty acid (FFA) levels after sipping, whereas these levels rose 3-4 h after the glucose bolus. An intravenous glucose tolerance test at 4 h demonstrated a 48 +/- 10% (P less than 0.01) more rapid decline in blood glucose (Kg) after sipping than after the bolus. Furthermore, FFA and total branched-chain amino acid levels as additional markers of insulin action were lower over this period despite similar absolute levels of insulin and C-peptide. These findings indicate that prolonging the rate of glucose absorption enhances insulin economy and glucose disposal.

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  • Prolonging the time of ingestion from a few minutes to several hours markedly flattens the glycaemic response in normal and diabetic subjects.

    “It is known for both solid and liquid test meals, in normal and diabetic subjects, that prolonging the time of ingestion from a few minutes to several hours markedly flattens the glycaemic response (Jenkins et al. 1990(Jenkins et al. , 1992)).”

    From Glycaemic index methodology (2005) · cites this paper as Jenkins et al. 1990

  • Slowing the rate of carbohydrate absorption, for example by sipping glucose slowly over 3 hours, reduces glucose and insulin responses.

    “Of course other mechanisms are possible, but it is true that slowing the rate of absorption of CHO, for example by sipping glucose slowly over 3 h, reduces glucose and insulin responses (Jenkins et al. 1990).”

    From Glycaemic index methodology (2005) · cites this paper as Jenkins et al. 1990

  • The effect of lentils on the second-meal glycaemic response is opposite to that of reduced carbohydrate absorption but the same as that of slowing carbohydrate absorption.

    “In addition, the effects of a low-GI food, lentils, on the second-meal glycaemic response is the opposite to that seen with a reduced amount of CHO absorption, but the same as that seen by slowing CHO absorption (Jenkins et al. 1990)”

    From Glycaemic index methodology (2005) · cites this paper as Jenkins et al. 1990

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Authors
Jenkins, D. J. A., Wolever, T. M. S., Ocana, A. M., Vuksan, V., Cunnane, S. C., Jenkins, M., Wong, G. S., Singer, W., Bloom, S. R., Blendis, L. M., & Josse, R. G.
Affiliations
St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
ORCID
Venue
Diabetes
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Published
1990-07-01
Volume
39
Issue
7
Pages
775-781
ISSN
  • 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-327X
DOI
10.2337/diab.39.7.775
OpenAlex
W1977152290
Cited by
154
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
FWCI
3.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Diabetes (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
Keywords
bolus feeding, glucose absorption, insulin secretion, C-peptide, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, enteroglucagon, glucagon, growth hormone, free fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, glucose disposal, diabetes treatment
MeSH terms
Administration, Oral, Amino Acids, Blood Glucose, C-Peptide, Drug Administration Schedule, Epinephrine, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide, Glucose, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Norepinephrine, Reference Values

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