CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 123Diabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiabetes Treatment and Management

Metabolic advantages of spreading the nutrient load: Effects of increased meal frequency in non-insulin-dependent diabetes

Jenkins, DJ, Ocana, A, Jenkins, AL, Wolever, TM, Vuksan, V, Katzman, L, Hollands, M, Greenberg, G +2 more·1992·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
DOI 10.1093/ajcn/55.2.461
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The acute effect of increasing meal frequency as a model of slow absorption was studied for 1 d in 11 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. On 1 d they took 13 snacks (the nibbling diet) and on another day the same diet was taken as three meals and one snack (the three-meal diet). The nibbling diet reduced mean blood glucose, serum insulin, and C peptide concentrations over the 9.5 h of observation and 24-h urinary C peptide output by 12.7 +/- 3.7% (mean +/- SE) (P = 0.0062), 20.1 +/- 5.8% (P = 0.0108), 9.2 +/- 2.6% (P = 0.0073), and 20.37 +/- 8.12% (P = 0.039), respectively, compared with the three-meal diet. Serum triglyceride concentrations were lower by 8.5 +/- 3.2% (P = 0.037). Despite lower insulin concentrations on the nibbling diet, the concentrations of free fatty acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and the insulin-sensitive branched-chain amino acids responded similarly on both treatments. Metabolic benefits seen with increased meal frequency may explain the success of similar agents that prolong absorption, including fiber and enzyme inhibitors.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/ajcn/55.2.461

Cites

35 of 35 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Prolonging the time of ingestion from a few minutes to several hours markedly flattens the glycaemic response in normal and diabetic subjects.

    “It is known for both solid and liquid test meals, in normal and diabetic subjects, that prolonging the time of ingestion from a few minutes to several hours markedly flattens the glycaemic response (Jenkins et al. 1990(Jenkins et al. , 1992)).”

    From Glycaemic index methodology (2005) · cites this paper as Jenkins et al. 1992

  • Clinical trials, both short-term and long-term, with or without caloric restriction, in various populations, have produced contradictory results regarding the association of meal frequency with body weight, postprandial glycemia, insulin resistance, and overall glycemic control.

    “Clinical trials, both short-term (14–28 days) [321,325,328,329,330,331,332] and long-term [323,324] with no caloric restriction in non-obese and obese women with PCO syndrome at an early or late stage IGT or overt early-stage T2DM, and long-term studies with caloric restriction in T2DM without [333] or with antidiabetic treatment [320,326], have produced contradictory results regarding the associ”

    From Effects of diet, lifestyle, Chrononutrition and alternative dietary interventions on postprandial Glycemia and insulin resistance (2022) · cites this paper as [325]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 37 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Jenkins, D., Ocana, A., Jenkins, A., Wolever, T., Vuksan, V, Katzman, L., Hollands, M., Greenberg, G., Corey, P., & Patten, R.
Affiliations
St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
Corresponding author
Jenkins, DJ
ORCID
Venue
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1992-02
Volume
55
Issue
2
Pages
461-467
ISSN
0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/ajcn/55.2.461
OpenAlex
W2105262749
Cited by
123
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
FWCI
2.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Keywords
type 2 diabetes, blood glucose, serum insulin, C-peptide, urinary C-peptide, serum triglycerides, free fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, branched-chain amino acids, dietary fiber, enzyme inhibitors
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amino Acids, Blood Glucose, C-Peptide, Creatinine, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Fasting, Feeding Behavior, Female, Hormones, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Osmolar Concentration, Time Factors

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review