Colonic fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates contributes to the second-meal effect
Open accessAbstract
Background Low postprandial blood glucose is associated with low risk of metabolic diseases. A meal's ability to diminish the glucose response to carbohydrates eaten during the following meal is known as the "second-meal effect" (SME). The reduced glycemia elicited by low-glycemic-index (LGI) foods consumed during the first meal has been suggested as the main mechanism for SME. However, LGI foods often increase colonic fermentation because of the presence of fiber and resistant starch. Objective The objective was to study the SME of greater fermentation of high-glycemic-index (HGI) and LGI carbohydrates eaten during a previous meal. Design Ten healthy volunteers ate 3 breakfast test meals consisting of sponge cakes made with rapidly digestible, nonfermentable amylopectin starch plus cellulose (HGI meal), amylopectin starch plus the fermentable disaccharide lactulose (HGI-Lac meal), or slowly digestible, partly fermentable amylose starch plus cellulose (LGI meal). Five hours later, subjects were fed the same standard lunch containing 93 g available carbohydrates. Blood was collected for measurement of glucose, insulin, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs). Breath hydrogen was measured as a marker of colonic fermentation. Postlunch gastric emptying was measured by using ultrasonography. Results Both the HGI-Lac and LGI meals improved glucose tolerance at lunch. In the case of the HGI-Lac meal, this effect was concomitant with low NEFA concentrations and delayed gastric emptying. Conclusion Fermentable carbohydrates, independent of their effect on a food's glycemic index, have the potential to regulate postprandial responses to a second meal by reducing NEFA competition for glucose disposal and, to a minor extent, by affecting intestinal motility.
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Fermentation of carbohydrates may regulate postprandial glucose excursions to a second meal by reducing NEFA competition for glucose disposal and to a minor extent by affecting intestinal motility.
“it has also been reported that fermentation of carbohydrates may regulate postprandial glucose excursions to a second meal by reducing NEFA competition for glucose disposal and to a minor extent by affecting intestinal motility [392].”
From Effects of diet, lifestyle, Chrononutrition and alternative dietary interventions on postprandial Glycemia and insulin resistance (2022) · cites this paper as [392]
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- Authors
- Brighenti, F., Benini, L., Del Rio, D., Casiraghi, C., Pellegrini, N., Scazzina, F., Jenkins, D. J., & Vantini, I.
- Affiliations
- University of Verona (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Brighenti, Furio
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-04
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 817-822
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2160143581
- Cited by
- 213
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 12.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- second meal effect, colonic fermentation, non-digestible carbohydrates, fermentable carbohydrates, lactulose, glycemic index, blood glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, gastric emptying, intestinal motility, dietary fiber, resistant starch
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Breath Tests, Colon, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fiber, Digestion, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Female, Fermentation, Gastric Emptying, Gastrointestinal Motility, Humans, Hydrogen, Insulin, Male, Stomach, Ultrasonography, Cross-Over Studies, Postprandial Period, Area Under Curve, Glycemic Index
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