Cited by 1,475Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsCardiovascular Health and Risk FactorsCardiovascular Function and Risk Factors

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

NCEP-Defined Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, and Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease Among NHANES III Participants Age 50 Years and Older

Alexander, Charles M., Landsman, Pamela B., Teutsch, Steven M., Haffner, Steven M.·2003·Diabetes

DOI 10.2337/diabetes.52.5.1210

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Although the individual components of the metabolic syndrome are clearly associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), we wanted to quantify the increased prevalence of CHD among people with metabolic syndrome. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) was used to categorize adults over 50 years of age by presence of metabolic syndrome (National Cholesterol Education Program [NCEP] definition) with or without diabetes. Demographic and risk factor information was determined for each group, as well as the proportion of each group meeting specific criteria for metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of CHD for each group was then determined. Metabolic syndrome is very common, with ∼44% of the U.S. population over 50 years of age meeting the NCEP criteria. In contrast, diabetes without metabolic syndrome is uncommon (13% of those with diabetes). Older Americans over 50 years of age without metabolic syndrome regardless of diabetes status had the lowest CHD prevalence (8.7% without diabetes, 7.5% with diabetes). Compared with those with metabolic syndrome, people with diabetes without metabolic syndrome did not have an increase in CHD prevalence. Those with metabolic syndrome without diabetes had higher CHD prevalence (13.9%), and those with both metabolic syndrome and diabetes had the highest prevalence of CHD (19.2%) compared with those with neither. Metabolic syndrome was a significant univariate predictor of prevalent CHD (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.66–2.59). However, blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, and diabetes, but not presence of metabolic syndrome, were significant multivariate predictors of prevalent CHD. The prevalence of CHD markedly increased with the presence of metabolic syndrome. Among people with diabetes, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was very high, and those with diabetes and metabolic syndrome had the highest prevalence of CHD. Among all individuals with diabetes, prevalence of CHD was increased compared with those with metabolic syndrome without diabetes. However, individuals with diabetes without metabolic syndrome had no greater prevalence of CHD compared with those with neither.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2337/diabetes.52.5.1210

Cites

30 of 30 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge
Friedewald, W. T., Levy, R. I., & Fredrickson, D. S. (1972) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499 · Cited by 32,423
Summary of the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II)
Grundy, S. M., Bilheimer, D. W., Chait, A., Clark, L. T., Denke, M. A., Havel, R. J., Hazzard, W. R., Hulley, S. B., Hunninghake, D. B., Kreisberg, R. A., et al. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.269.23.3015 · Cited by 27,944
Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
Expert Panel on Detection, E. (2001) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.285.19.2486 · Cited by 26,011
Role of Insulin Resistance in Human Disease
Reaven, G. M. (1988) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.37.12.1595 · Cited by 12,154
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus* (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.2007.s5 · Cited by 10,325
Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome Among US Adults: Findings From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Ford, E. S., Giles, W. H., & Dietz, W. H. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.3.356 · Cited by 6,698
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.7.1183 · Cited by 6,220
Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality Associated With the Metabolic Syndrome
Isomaa, B., Almgren, P., Tuomi, T., Forsén, B., Lahti, K., Nissén, M., Taskinen, M.-R., & Groop, L. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.4.683 · Cited by 4,760
Diabetes, Other Risk Factors, and 12-Yr Cardiovascular Mortality for Men Screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
Stamler, J., Vaccaro, O., Neaton, J. D., Wentworth, D., & The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group (1993) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.16.2.434 · Cited by 4,063
Cardiovascular Survey Methods.
Rose, G., & Blackburn, H. (1968) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-69-6-1335_2 · Cited by 3,090

Show all 30 references

Sorted by citations

Items 401–500 of 998

Polymorphisms in the interleukin‐6 receptor gene are associated with body mass index and with characteristics of the metabolic syndrome
Esteve, E., Villuendas, G., Mallolas, J., Vendrell, J. J., López‐Bermejo, A., Rodríguez, M., Recasens, M., Ricart, W., Millán, J. L. S., Escobar-Morreale, H. F., et al. (2006) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02553.x · Cited by 48
Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes and Subclinical Atherosclerosis as Assessed by Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
Kawamoto, R., Tomita, H., Ohtsuka, N., Inoue, A., & Kamitani, A. (2007) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.14.78 · Cited by 46
From individual risk factors and the metabolic syndrome to global cardiometabolic risk
Després, J., Poirier, P., Bergeron, J., Tremblay, A., Lemieux, I., & Alméras, N. (2008) · European Heart Journal Supplements · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/sum041 · Cited by 49
“Although type 2 diabetics are clearly at greater risk of CHD than nondiabetics, recent studies have shown that type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous entity and that the more abdominally obese the type 2 diabetic patients are, the greater is the likelihood that they have the features of the metabolic syndrome.(33) Consequ…”
Background
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors and Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies
Laurindo, L. F., Barbalho, S. M., Marquess, A. R., Grecco, A. I. D. S., Goulart, R. D. Á., Tofano, R. J., & Bishayee, A. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14081665 · Cited by 47
“MetS is a complex metabolic disorder, driving health and socioeconomic challenges worldwide, and is considered an epidemic [14,15].”
Background
Enfermedad de Alzheimer y deterioro cognitivo asociado a la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2: relaciones e hipótesis
Domínguez, R. O., Pagano, M. A., Marschoff, E., González, S., Repetto, M. G., & Serra, J. A. (2013) · Neurología · doi:10.1016/j.nrl.2013.05.006 · Cited by 47
Metabolic syndrome: is equine disease comparable to what we know in humans?
Ertelt, A., Barton, A. K., Schmitz, R. R., & Gehlen, H. (2014) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-14-0038 · Cited by 48
Prevention of the metabolic syndrome in IGT subjects in a lifestyle intervention: Results from the SLIM study
den Boer, A. T., Herraets, I. J. T., Stegen, J. H. C. H., Roumen, C., Corpeleijn, E., Schaper, N. C., Feskens, E. J. M., & Blaak, E. E. (2013) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2012.12.005 · Cited by 49
Metabolic syndrome is not associated with reduction in aortic distensibility in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Tentolouris, N., Papazafiropoulou, A. K., Moyssakis, I. E., Liatis, S., Perrea, D. N., Kostaki, M., & Katsilambros, N. L. (2008) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/1475-2840-7-1 · Cited by 45
“Moreover, other data showed that cardiovascular or all-cause mortality was not different in subjects with T2DM stratified according to MetS status [18], and that MetS was not associated independently with coronary artery disease, while diabetes status did [ 24 ].”
Result
Metabolic Syndrome is a Predisposing Factor for Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
Okada, E., Ishihara, S., Azuma, K., Michikawa, T., Suzuki, S. O., Tsuji, O., Nori, S., Nagoshi, N., Yagi, M., Takayama, M., et al. (2020) · Neurospine · doi:10.14245/ns.2040350.175 · Cited by 44
Molecular Genetics of Experimental Hypertension and the Metabolic Syndrome
Pravenec, M., & Kurtz, T. W. (2007) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.086900 · Cited by 48
Effect of high-dose pitavastatin on glucose homeostasis in patients at elevated risk of new-onset diabetes: insights from the CAPITAIN and PREVAIL-US studies
Chapman, M. J., Orsoni, A., Robillard, P., Hounslow, N. J., Sponseller, C. A., & Giral, P. (2013) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/03007995.2013.874989 · Cited by 44
Integrated Approach to Comorbidity in Patients With Psoriasis
Daudén, E., Castañeda, S., Suárez, C., García‐Campayo, J., Blasco, A. J., Aguilar, M. D., Ferrándiz, C., Puig, L., & Sánchez‐Carazo, J. L. (2012) · Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas · doi:10.1016/s1578-2190(12)70829-6 · Cited by 44
Obesity: Current Global and Russian Trends
Razina, A. O., Runenko, S. D., & Ачкасов, Е. Е. (2016) · Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences · doi:10.15690/vramn655 · Cited by 44
Metabolic phenotypes of obesity: frequency, correlates and change over time in a cohort of postmenopausal women
Kabat, G. C., Wu, W., Bea, J. W., Chen, C., Qi, L., Stefanick, M. L., Chlebowski, R. T., Lane, D. S., Wactawski‐Wende, J., Wassertheil-Smoller, S. W., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2016.179 · Cited by 44
Metabolic Syndrome: Therapeutic Considerations
Grundy, S. M. (2005) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/3-540-27661-0_3 · Cited by 44
Lipoprotein transport in the metabolic syndrome: pathophysiological and interventional studies employing stable isotopy and modelling methods
Chan, D. C., Barrett, P. H. R., & Watts, G. F. (2004) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20040109 · Cited by 44
Hypertriglyceridemia in Lecithin-cholesterol Acyltransferase-deficient Mice Is Associated with Hepatic Overproduction of Triglycerides, Increased Lipogenesis, and Improved Glucose Tolerance
Ng, D. S., Xie, C., Maguire, G. F., Zhu, X., Ugwu, F., Lam, E., & Connelly, P. W. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m309439200 · Cited by 44
IMPACT OF OBESITY AND INSULIN RESISTANCE ON VASOMOTOR TONE: NITRIC OXIDE AND BEYOND
Stepp, D. W. (2006) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04381.x · Cited by 44
Predictors of incident diabetes, metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults: A 10-year follow-up study from Kinmen, Taiwan
Sheu, W. H., Chuang, S., Lee, W., Tsai, S., Chou, P., & Chen, C.-H. (2006) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2006.03.011 · Cited by 44
Metabolic Syndrome Pathophysiology
Das, U. N. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780813820637 · Cited by 44
Metabolic Syndrome and Hyperglycemia: Congruence and Divergence
Alexander, C. M., Landsman, P. B., & Grundy, S. M. (2006) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.04.046 · Cited by 43
Self-citation
Metabolic Syndrome in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Isfahan, Iran: Prevalence and Risk Factors
Janghorbani, M., & Amini, M. (2007) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2005.0010 · Cited by 42
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in young patients with acute MI: does the Framingham Risk Score underestimate cardiovascular risk in this population?
ZARICH, S. W., Luciano, C., Hulford, J., & Abdullah, A. (2006) · Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research · doi:10.3132/dvdr.2006.012 · Cited by 43
Apolipoprotein B determines risk for recurrent coronary events in postinfarction patients with metabolic syndrome
Corsetti, J. P., Zaręba, W., Moss, A. J., & Sparks, C. E. (2004) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.07.019 · Cited by 43
“[8], nd suggests a similar prevalence of MS in postinfarction paients as exists in the general population.”
Background
Applying the Framingham risk score for prediction of metabolic syndrome: The Kerman Coronary Artery Disease Risk Study, Iran.
Yousefzadeh, G., Shokoohi, M., Najafipour, H., & Shadkamfarokhi, M. (2015) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 42
Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Diseases in Korea
Suh, S., & Lee, M. (2014) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.21_sup.1-s31 · Cited by 42
Low-Intensity Voluntary Running Lowers Blood Pressure with Simultaneous Improvement in Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation and Insulin Sensitivity in Aged Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Sun, M., Feng-lei, Q., Wang, J., Tao, T., Guo, J., Wang, L., Ai-yun, L., & Hong, C. H. E. N. (2008) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.31.543 · Cited by 42
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Nepalese type 2 diabetic patients according to WHO, NCEP ATP III, IDF and Harmonized criteria
Pokharel, D. R., Khadka, D., Sigdel, M., Yadav, N. K., Acharya, S., Kafle, R. C., & Shukla, P. S. (2014) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40200-014-0104-3 · Cited by 42
“Majority of the type 2 diabetic patients also have MetS and are predisposed to higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, strokes and premature death compared to both nondiabetic individuals and diabetic individuals without MetS [11-13].”
Background
Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and the Metabolic Syndrome
Genser, L., Mariolo, J. R. C., Castagneto‐Gissey, L., Panagiotopoulos, S., & Rubino, F. (2016) · Surgical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.suc.2016.03.013 · Cited by 47
Age, gender and metabolic syndrome-related coronary heart disease in U.S. adults
Tong, W., Lai, H. C., Yang, C., Ren, S., Dai, S., & Lai, S. (2005) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.10.035 · Cited by 42
The Coming of Age of the Metabolic Syndrome
Alexander, C. M. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.11.3180 · Cited by 42
Self-citation
An Exploratory Analysis of Criteria for the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Prediction of Long-term Cardiovascular Outcomes
Girman, C. J., Dekker, J. M., Rhodes, T., Nijpels, G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Bouter, L. M., & Heine, R. J. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwi229 · Cited by 41
“Our analyses support unequal weighting of the individual components of the metabolic syndrome in terms of predicting cardiovascular events, as others have reported ( 11 , 14, 16).”
BackgroundResult
A Longitudinal Study on the Relationship Between Weight Loss, Medical Expenditures, and Absenteeism Among Overweight Employees in the WAY to Health Study
Finkelstein, E. A., Linnan, L. A., Tate, D. F., & Leese, P. (2009) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e3181c2bb56 · Cited by 41
Longitudinal assessment of coronary plaque volume change related to glycemic status using serial coronary computed tomography angiography: A PARADIGM (Progression of AtheRosclerotic PlAque DetermIned by Computed TomoGraphic Angiography Imaging) substudy
Won, K., Lee, S., Lee, B. K., Park, H., Heo, R., Rizvi, A., Lin, F. Y.-H., Kumar, A., Hadamitzky, M., Kim, Y.-J., et al. (2018) · Journal of cardiovascular computed tomography · doi:10.1016/j.jcct.2018.12.002 · Cited by 41
A longitudinal study of the metabolic syndrome and risk of colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women
Kabat, G. C., Kim, M., Peters, U., Stefanick, M. L., Hou, L., Wactawski‐Wende, J., Messina, C. R., Shikany, J. M., & Rohan, T. E. (2011) · European Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.1097/cej.0b013e32834dbc81 · Cited by 41
“In the USA, both obesity and the metabolic syndrome have increased in prevalence in recent years, and it is estimated that currently, 50 million Americans have the metabolic syndrome (Sathyaprakash and Henry, 2002; Alexander et al., 2003).”
Background
Fatores dietéticos e síndrome metabólica
Steemburgo, T., Dall’Alba, V., Gross, J. L., & de Azevedo, M. J. (2007) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia · doi:10.1590/s0004-27302007000900004 · Cited by 41
Cooccurrence of vascular risk factors and late-life white-matter integrity changes
Maillard, P., Carmichael, O. T., Reed, B., Mungas, D., & DeCarli, C. S. (2015) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.01.007 · Cited by 41
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its influence on microvascular complications in the Indian population with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Sankara Nethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology And Molecular Genetic Study (SN-DREAMS, report 14)
Raman, R., Gupta, A., Pal, S. S., Ganesan, S., Venkatesh, K., Kulothungan, V., & Sharma, T. (2010) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/1758-5996-2-67 · Cited by 41
Lifestyle factors and macro- and micro-vascular complications among people with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia
Alramadan, M. J., Magliano, D. J., Alhamrani, H. A., Alramadan, A. J., Alameer, S. M., Amin, G. M., Alkharras, W. A., Bayaseh, N. A., & Billah, B. (2018) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2018.11.007 · Cited by 39
“Obesity is wellknown risk factor for diabetes as well as for CAD [33,37], and it substantially increases the risk of CAD among people with diabetes especially if it is accompanied by other metabolic syndrome components including hypertension and dyslipidaemia [37].”
Background
Does the Presence of Obesity and/or Metabolic Syndrome Affect the Course of Acute Pancreatitis?
Sawalhi, S., Almaramhy, H. H., Abdelrahman, A. I., Allah, S. G., & Al-Jubori, S. (2014) · Pancreas · doi:10.1097/mpa.0000000000000028 · Cited by 40
Combined Effect of the Metabolic Syndrome and Hostility on the Incidence of Myocardial Infarction (The Normative Aging Study)
Todaro, J. F., Con, A. H., NIAURA, R. S., Spiro, A., Ward, K. D., & Roytberg, A. (2005) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.03.049 · Cited by 40
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in a 22,892 Japanese Population and Its Associations with Life Style
Urashima, M., Wada, T., Fukumoto, T., Joki, M., Maeda, T., Hashimoto, H., & Oda, S. (2005) · Cited by 40
ENPP1 gene, insulin resistance and related clinical outcomes
Bacci, S., Cosmo, S. D., Prudente, S., & Trischitta, V. (2007) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e3281e386c9 · Cited by 40
Increased Frequency of Prediabetes in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Gülcan, E., Taşer, F., Toker, A., Korkmaz, U., & Alçelik, A. (2009) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/maj.0b013e31819f7587 · Cited by 39
Effects of Avena nuda L. on metabolic control and cardiovascular disease risk among Chinese patients with diabetes and meeting metabolic syndrome criteria: secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Ma, X., Gu, J., Zhang, Z., Jing, L., Xu, M., Dai, X., Jiang, Y., Li, Y., Bao, L., Cai, X., et al. (2013) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.201 · Cited by 39
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Related to Physical Inactivity, Metabolic Risk Factors, and Atherosclerotic Burden in Glucose-Intolerant Renal Transplant Recipients
Armstrong, K. A., Rakhit, D. J., Jeffriess, L., Johnson, D. W., Leano, R., Prins, J. B., Garske, L. A., Marwick, T. H., & Isbel, N. M. (2006) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.00210106 · Cited by 39
Enhanced cyclooxygenase 2-mediated vasorelaxation in coronary arteries from insulin-resistant obese Zucker rats
Sánchez, A., Contreras, C., Martínez, M. P., Villalba, N., Benedito, S., García‐Sacristán, A., Salaíces, M., Hernández, M., & Prieto, D. (2010) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.09.022 · Cited by 39
“[1] Alexander CM, Landsman PB, Teutsch SM, Haffner SM.”
Background
Differential trends in prevalence of diabetes and unrelated general medical illness for schizophrenia patients before and after the atypical antipsychotic era
Basu, A., & Meltzer, H. Y. (2006) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.04.014 · Cited by 39
“However, they are responsible, to varying extents, for increased metabolic side effects, including weight gain, disturbances in glucose regulation, and elevated plasma lipid levels, which indicates the presence of insulin resistance, and may put the patients at increased long term risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) and ca…”
Background
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome by the Adult Treatment Panel III, International Diabetes Federation, and World Health Organization Definitions and their Association with Coronary Heart Disease in an Elderly Iranian Population
Hadaegh, F., Zabetian, A., Tohidi, M., Ghasemi, A., Sheikholeslami, F. H., & Azizi, F. (2009) · Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore · doi:10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v38n2p142 · Cited by 39
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Metabolic Syndrome, and Mixed Dyslipidemia: How Similar, How Different, and How to Treat?
Halcox, J., & Misra, A. (2014) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2014.0049 · Cited by 38
Role of Vitamin B12 and Folate in Metabolic Syndrome
Ashok, T., Puttam, H., Tarnate, V. C. A., Jhaveri, S., Avanthika, C., Treviño, A. G. T., Sandeep, S. L., & Ahmed, N. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.18521 · Cited by 43
“Multiple studies have reported that there is an association between insulin resistance and visceral adiposity [68].”
Background
Reconsidering the role of glycaemic control in cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes: A 21st century assessment
Aroda, V. R., & Eckel, R. H. (2022) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14830 · Cited by 40
LXR-Mediated ABCA1 Expression and Function Are Modulated by High Glucose and PRMT2
Hussein, M. A., Shrestha, E., Ouimet, M. I., Barrett, T. J., Leone, S., Moore, K. J., Hérault, Y., Fisher, E. A. A., & Garabedian, M. J. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135218 · Cited by 40
“Though diabetes is a complex multifactorial disease it is notable that high blood glucose levels have been shown to be an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis [1, 6 – 8].”
Association of the PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism with type 2 diabetes and incident coronary heart disease in a Hong Kong Chinese population
Ho, J. S. K., Germer, S., Tam, C. H. T., So, W., Martin, M., Ronald, C. W., Chan, J. C. N., & Ng, M. C. Y. (2012) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2012.03.012 · Cited by 38
Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with diabetes mellitus
Al-Saraj, F., McDermott, J. H., Cawood, T., McAteer, S., Ali, M. K., Tormey, W. P., Cockburn, B. N., & Sreenan, S. (2009) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/s11845-009-0302-z · Cited by 38
Thyroid function in adult Nigerians with metabolic syndrome
Udenze, I. C., Nnaji, I., & Oshodi, T. (2014) · Pan African Medical Journal · doi:10.11604/pamj.2014.18.352.4551 · Cited by 38
Efficacy and Safety of Adding Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Statin-treated Patients with Residual Hypertriglyceridemia: ROMANTIC (Rosuvastatin-OMAcor iN residual hyperTrIglyCeridemia), a Randomized, Double-blind, and Placebo-controlled Trial
Kim, C. H., Han, K. A., Yu, J., Lee, S. H., Jeon, H. K., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. Y., Han, K. H., Won, K., Kim, D.-B., et al. (2018) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.11.007 · Cited by 36
“According to Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) in the United States, 35% of men and 25% of women have hypertriglyceridemia (TG ≥150 mg/dL).(13) In Korea, the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was 38% in men and 20% in women.”
Background
Opportunities and challenges for sweat-based monitoring of metabolic syndrome via wearable technologies
Lyzwinski, L. N., Elgendi, M., Shokurov, A. V., Cuthbert, T. J., Ahmadizadeh, C., & Menon, C. (2023) · Communications Engineering · doi:10.1038/s44172-023-00097-w · Cited by 39
Dental Management of Patients with Diabetes
McKenna, S. J. (2006) · Dental Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.cden.2006.06.008 · Cited by 37
The Metabolic Syndrome: How to Approach Differing Definitions
Pi‐Sunyer, X. (2007) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2007.06.004 · Cited by 38
Analysis of the Factors Contributing to Serum Retinol Binding Protein and Transthyretin Levels in Japanese Adults
Yoshida, A., Matsutani, Y., Fukuchi, Y., Saito, K., & Naito, M. (2006) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.13.209 · Cited by 37
Two Major QTLs and Several Others Relate to Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in the Family Blood Pressure Program
Kraja, A. T., Rao, D. C., Weder, A. B., Cooper, R., Curb, J. D., Hanis, C. L., Turner, S. T., de Andrade, M., Hsiung, C. A., Quertermous, T., et al. (2005) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000184249.20016.bb · Cited by 36
Clinical Impact of Metabolic Syndrome by Modified NCEP-ATPIII Criteria on Carotid Atherosclerosis in Japanese Adults
Teramura, M., Emoto, M., Araki, T., Yokoyama, H., Motoyama, K., Shinohara, K., Mori, K., Koyama, H., Shoji, T., Inaba, M., et al. (2007) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.e505 · Cited by 37
Lifestyle Factors and Metabolic Syndrome among Workers: The Role of Interactions between Smoking and Alcohol to Nutrition and Exercise
Huang, J., Li, R.-H., Huang, S.-L., Sia, H., Chen, Y., & Tang, F. (2015) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph121215035 · Cited by 42
“In this study, an alcohol habit decreased the risk of low HDL-C, and increased the risk of abdominal obesity in male workers; alcohol habit decreased the risk of high FBG in female workers.”
Influential
Target organ damage and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Strong Heart Study
SIMONE, G. D., Wang, W., Best, L. G., Yeh, F., Izzo, R., Mancusi, C., Roman, M. J., Lee, E. T., Howard, B. V., & Devereux, R. B. (2017) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0542-6 · Cited by 36
Association of SF-36 With Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors and Mortality: A PreCIS Study
Zhang, J., Pozuelo, L., Brennan, D. M., Hoar, B. M., & Hoogwerf, B. J. (2009) · Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7141.2009.00061.x · Cited by 38
The metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents
Hadjiyannakis, S. (2005) · Paediatrics & Child Health · doi:10.1093/pch/10.1.41 · Cited by 36
Alzheimer disease and cognitive impairment associated with diabetes mellitus type 2: associations and a hypothesis
Domínguez, R. O., Pagano, M. A., Marschoff, E., González, S., Repetto, M. G., & Serra, J. A. (2014) · Neurología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.nrleng.2014.10.001 · Cited by 37
Low-carbohydrate diets, obesity, and metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease
Samaha, F. F., Foster, G. D., & Makris, A. (2007) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-007-0059-7 · Cited by 35
“A depressed HDL-C has an even stronger association with coronary heart disease [ 30 ].”
Background
Prevalencia del síndrome metabólico en la provincia de Albacete
Mayo, J. M. C., de Juan, I. T., Jiménez, P. F., Martín, M. J., Díaz, V. M., López, Y. S., Martínez, A. N., Méndez, L. S., Garrido, J. G., Salcedo, J. M. M., et al. (2007) · Revista Clínica Española · doi:10.1157/13100197 · Cited by 35
Microvascular dysfunction in the course of metabolic syndrome induced by high-fat diet
Aoqui, C., Chmielewski, S., Scherer, E. Q., Eißler, R., Sollinger, D., Heid, I., Braren, R., Schmaderer, C., Megens, R. T. A., Weber, C., et al. (2014) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/1475-2840-13-31 · Cited by 35
“The association between MetS and a high risk of developing CVD is extensively reported in the literature [4-6].”
Background
Diabetic Dyslipidemia: From Evolving Pathophysiological Insight to Emerging Therapeutic Targets
Ng, D. S. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.07.062 · Cited by 35
Insulin resistance and the endothelium
Quiñones, M. J., Nicholas, S. B., & Lyon, C. J. (2005) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-005-0018-z · Cited by 35
“Further, accumulation of these risk factors increases CVD risk to the degree that the metabolic syndrome confers a greater overall risk than any of its individual components [16, 17 ].”
Background
Clinical importance of obesity versus the metabolic syndrome in cardiovascular risk in women: a report from the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study
Kip, K. E., Marroquin, O. C., & Kelley, D. E. (2004) · ACC Current Journal Review · doi:10.1016/j.accreview.2004.04.053 · Cited by 35
Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Hypertension Treated in General Practice in Spain: An Assessment of Blood Pressure and Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Control and Accuracy of Diagnosis
Barrios, V., Escobar, C., Calderón, A., Llisterri, J. L., Alegría, E., Muñiz, J., & Matalí, A. (2007) · Journal of the CardioMetabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1111/j.1559-4564.2007.06313.x · Cited by 35
Metabolic Syndrome, New Onset Diabetes, and New End points in Cardiovascular Trials
Haffner, S. M., Ruilope, L. M., Dahlöf, B., Abadie, E., Kupfer, S., & Zannad, F. M. (2006) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/01.fjc.0000211729.30927.4d · Cited by 35
“001).(1) Multivariate analysis showed that diabetes increases the risk of CHD.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
Metabolic Syndrome Affects Midterm Outcome After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Angeloni, E., Melina, G., Benedetto, U., Refice, S., Capuano, F., Roscitano, A., Comito, C., & Sinatra, R. (2011) · The Annals of Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.10.066 · Cited by 36
Biological age and lifestyle in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome: the NHIS health screening data, 2014–2015
Bae, C., Piao, M., Kim, M. Y., Im, Y., Kim, S., Kim, D.-U., Choi, J. H., & Cho, K. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-79256-4 · Cited by 34
Biochemical changes in blood of type 2 diabetes with and without metabolic syndrome and their association with metabolic syndrome components
Pourfarzam, M., Zadhoush, F., & Sadeghi, M. (2015) · Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.4103/1735-1995.168383 · Cited by 34
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients and its significance for chronic vascular complications
Shimajiri, Y., Tsunoda, K., Furuta, M., Kadoya, Y., Yamada, S., Nanjo, K., & Sanke, T. (2008) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2007.08.026 · Cited by 32
PPARα activation elevates blood pressure and does not correct glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance in humans
Subramanian, S., DeRosa, M. A., Bernal-Mizrachi, C., Laffely, N., Cade, W. T., Yarasheski, K. E., Cryer, P. E., & Semenkovich, C. F. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00230.2006 · Cited by 34
Metabolic Syndrome in Patients Enrolled in a Clinical Trial of Aripiprazole in the Maintenance Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder
Kemp, D. E., Calabrese, J. R., Tran, Q.-V., Pikalov, A., Eudicone, J. M., & Baker, R. A. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.09m05159gre · Cited by 34
Therapeutic regulation of apoB100 metabolism in insulin resistance in vivo
Watts, G. F., Ooi, E. M. M., & Chan, D. C. (2009) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.04.005 · Cited by 33
“Its importance is evidenced by prospective epidemiological data showing that it is a major, independent risk factor for CVDwithin themetabolic syndrome and diabetes (Alexander et al., 2003).”
Background
"If it ain't broke, don't fix it": a commentary on the positive-negative results of the ACCORD Lipid study
Tenenbaum, A., & Fisman, E. Z. (2010) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/1475-2840-9-24 · Cited by 33
“Obviously, the epidemiological characteristics of ACCORD Lipid study depart from the real clinical practice: among people with type 2 diabetes, there is a high prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome [33,34], which further accentuates cardiovascular risk.”
Pervasive Effects of Aging on Gene Expression in Wild Wolves
Charruau, P., Johnston, R. A., Stahler, D. R., Lea, A. J., Snyder‐Mackler, N., Smith, D. W., vonHoldt, B. M., Cole, S. W., Tung, J., & Wayne, R. K. (2016) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msw072 · Cited by 32
“For example, metabolic aging and obesity are recognized as having negative health impacts in older humans (e.g., Alexander et al. 2003).”
Background
Components of metabolic syndrome in relation to plasma levels of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) in a cohort of people aged 65 years and older
Majerczyk, M., Kocełak, P., Choręza, P. S., Arabzada, H., Owczarek, A. J., Bożentowicz‐Wikarek, M., Brzozowska, A., Szybalska, A., Puzianowska‐Kuźnicka, M., Grodzicki, T. K., et al. (2018) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-018-0856-6 · Cited by 35
Metabolic Syndrome May Not be a Good Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease in the Iranian Population: Population-Specific Definitions are Required
Ebrahimi, M., Kazemi‐Bajestani, S. M. R., Ghayour‐Mobarhan, M., Moohebati, M., Paydar, R., Azimi–Nezhad, M., Esmaily, H., & Ferns, G. A. (2009) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1100/tsw.2009.17 · Cited by 33
“MS is characterized by the presence of a number of established coronary risk factors and has been shown to be related to an increased risk of cardiovascular and microvascular events in several populations[9,17, 18,19,20,21,22,23,24].”
Background
Metabolic syndrome, organ damage and cardiovascular disease in treated hypertensive patients. The ERIC‐HTA study
Navarro, J., Redón, J., Cea‐Calvo, L., Lozano, J. V., Fernández, C., Bonet, Á., González‐Esteban, J., & on Behalf of the Group of Investiga (2007) · Blood Pressure · doi:10.1080/08037050701217817 · Cited by 33
Metabolic Syndrome, Components, and Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence in Chronic Kidney Disease: Findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study
Townsend, R. R., Anderson, A. H., Chen, J., Gadebegku, C. A., Feldman, H. I., Fink, J. C., Go, A. S., Joffe, M. M., Nessel, L. A., OJO, A. O., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000327618 · Cited by 33
Implications of the obesity epidemic for lipid-lowering therapy: Non-HDL cholesterol should replace LDL cholesterol as the primary therapeutic target
Hoenig, M. R. (2008) · Vascular Health and Risk Management · doi:10.2147/vhrm.2008.04.01.143 · Cited by 33
“The metabolic syndrome is similarly prevalent and affects roughly a quarter of Americans above the age of 20 (Ford et al 2004) and 44% of Americans over the age of 50 (Alexander et al 2003).”
Fibrates and coronary risk reduction
Steiner, G. A. (2005) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.04.002 · Cited by 33
Importance and Management of Dyslipidemia in the Metabolic Syndrome
Menuet, R., Lavie, C. J., & Milani, R. V. (2005) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-200512000-00007 · Cited by 33
The 1st World Congress on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome
Bloomgarden, Z. T. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.2.602 · Cited by 33
“Abbreviations: AACE, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; ATP, Adult Treatment Panel; CHD, coronary heart disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; EGIR, European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance; IGFBP, IGF binding protein; IMT, intima-media thickness; IRS, insulin resistance syndrome; NHS, Nurses'…”
BackgroundInfluential
A Work in Progress, but a Useful Construct
Beaser, R. S., & Levy, P. T. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.673616 · Cited by 33
Sex differences and cardiovascular risk
Cordero, A., & Alegria, E. (2006) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2005.069187 · Cited by 33
“an impressive case–control study of myocardial infarction, had an especial interest in sex differences. Female cases of myocardial infarction were eight years older than male cases; also, hypertension and diabetes were found to confer higher risk in women. Moreover, the protective strategies evaluated, exercise and mo…”
Background
Safety and tolerability of atypical antipsychotics in patients with bipolar disorder: prevalence, monitoring and management
Chue, P., & Kovacs, C. S. (2003) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-2406.2003.00063.x · Cited by 32
Metabolic Syndrome, Testosterone, and Cardiovascular Mortality in Men
Lin, J., Lee, J., Wu, C., Caffrey, J. L., Chang, M., Hwang, J., Dowling, N. F., & Lin, Y.-S. (2011) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02343.x · Cited by 32
Association between metabolic syndrome, BMI, and serum vitamin D concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis
Goshayeshi, L., Saber, H., Sahebari, M., Rezaieyazdi, Z., Rafatpanah, H., Esmaily, H., & Goshayeshi, L. (2012) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-012-1995-3 · Cited by 32
“MetS were defined by the presence of any three of the following five characteristics according to the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III report: abdominal obesity based on waist circumference (>102 cm in men and >88 cm in women), triglycerides at least 150 mg/dl, high-density lipoprotei…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Analysis of Gln223Agr Polymorphism of Leptin Receptor Gene in Type II Diabetic Mellitus Subjects among Malaysians
Etemad, A., Ramachandran, V., Pishva, S. R., Heidari, F., Aziz, A., Yusof, A., Chong, P. P., & Ismail, P. (2013) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms140919230 · Cited by 32
“Therefore, the beginning of aggressive CVD in patients with T2DM is essential as it might be triggered by the elevated lipid levels (in particular Triglyceride & cholesterol) [10].”
Background
Impact of Waist Circumference Difference on Health-Care Cost among Overweight and Obese Subjects: The PROCEED Cohort
Pendergast, K., Wolf, A., Sherrill, B. H., Zhou, X., Aronne, L. J., Caterson, I. D., Finer, N., Hauner, H., Hill, J. O., Gaal, L. V., et al. (2010) · Value in Health · doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2009.00690.x · Cited by 32

Authors: Alexander, C. M., Landsman, P. B., Teutsch, S. M., & Haffner, S. M.
Affiliations: Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) (US)
The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
ORCID: Alexander, Charles M.
Teutsch, Steven M.
Venue: Diabetes
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2003-05-01
Volume: 52
Issue: 5
Pages: 1210-1214
ISSN: 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
1939-327X
DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.52.5.1210
OpenAlex: W2151152924
Cited by: 1,475
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 65 · 2012: 73
FWCI: 77.32
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Diabetes (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Keywords: metabolic syndrome, coronary artery disease, prevalence, older adults, NCEP criteria, NHANES III, cardiovascular risk factors, blood pressure, HDL cholesterol
MeSH terms: Age Factors, Blood Pressure, Body Constitution, Coronary Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Angiopathies, Female, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Education as Topic, Physical Examination, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Smoking, United States, Prevalence, Metabolic Syndrome

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

NCEP-Defined Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, and Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease Among NHANES III Participants Age 50 Years and Older

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks