Cited by 1,475Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsCardiovascular Health and Risk FactorsCardiovascular Function and Risk Factors

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

NCEP-Defined Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, and Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease Among NHANES III Participants Age 50 Years and Older

Alexander, Charles M., Landsman, Pamela B., Teutsch, Steven M., Haffner, Steven M.·2003·Diabetes

DOI 10.2337/diabetes.52.5.1210

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Although the individual components of the metabolic syndrome are clearly associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), we wanted to quantify the increased prevalence of CHD among people with metabolic syndrome. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) was used to categorize adults over 50 years of age by presence of metabolic syndrome (National Cholesterol Education Program [NCEP] definition) with or without diabetes. Demographic and risk factor information was determined for each group, as well as the proportion of each group meeting specific criteria for metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of CHD for each group was then determined. Metabolic syndrome is very common, with ∼44% of the U.S. population over 50 years of age meeting the NCEP criteria. In contrast, diabetes without metabolic syndrome is uncommon (13% of those with diabetes). Older Americans over 50 years of age without metabolic syndrome regardless of diabetes status had the lowest CHD prevalence (8.7% without diabetes, 7.5% with diabetes). Compared with those with metabolic syndrome, people with diabetes without metabolic syndrome did not have an increase in CHD prevalence. Those with metabolic syndrome without diabetes had higher CHD prevalence (13.9%), and those with both metabolic syndrome and diabetes had the highest prevalence of CHD (19.2%) compared with those with neither. Metabolic syndrome was a significant univariate predictor of prevalent CHD (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.66–2.59). However, blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, and diabetes, but not presence of metabolic syndrome, were significant multivariate predictors of prevalent CHD. The prevalence of CHD markedly increased with the presence of metabolic syndrome. Among people with diabetes, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was very high, and those with diabetes and metabolic syndrome had the highest prevalence of CHD. Among all individuals with diabetes, prevalence of CHD was increased compared with those with metabolic syndrome without diabetes. However, individuals with diabetes without metabolic syndrome had no greater prevalence of CHD compared with those with neither.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2337/diabetes.52.5.1210

Cites

30 of 30 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge
Friedewald, W. T., Levy, R. I., & Fredrickson, D. S. (1972) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499 · Cited by 32,423
Summary of the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II)
Grundy, S. M., Bilheimer, D. W., Chait, A., Clark, L. T., Denke, M. A., Havel, R. J., Hazzard, W. R., Hulley, S. B., Hunninghake, D. B., Kreisberg, R. A., et al. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.269.23.3015 · Cited by 27,944
Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
Expert Panel on Detection, E. (2001) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.285.19.2486 · Cited by 26,011
Role of Insulin Resistance in Human Disease
Reaven, G. M. (1988) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.37.12.1595 · Cited by 12,154
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus* (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.2007.s5 · Cited by 10,325
Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome Among US Adults: Findings From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Ford, E. S., Giles, W. H., & Dietz, W. H. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.3.356 · Cited by 6,698
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.7.1183 · Cited by 6,220
Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality Associated With the Metabolic Syndrome
Isomaa, B., Almgren, P., Tuomi, T., Forsén, B., Lahti, K., Nissén, M., Taskinen, M.-R., & Groop, L. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.4.683 · Cited by 4,760
Diabetes, Other Risk Factors, and 12-Yr Cardiovascular Mortality for Men Screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
Stamler, J., Vaccaro, O., Neaton, J. D., Wentworth, D., & The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group (1993) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.16.2.434 · Cited by 4,063
Cardiovascular Survey Methods.
Rose, G., & Blackburn, H. (1968) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-69-6-1335_2 · Cited by 3,090

Show all 30 references

Sorted by citations

Items 801–900 of 998

Cord-blood lipoproteins, homocysteine, insulin sensitivity/resistance marker profile, and concurrence of dysglycaemia and dyslipaemia in full-term neonates of the Mérida Study
Gesteiro, E., Bastida, S., & Sánchez-Muniz, F. J. (2013) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-013-1959-x · Cited by 13
Impact of High-Dose Atorvastatin on Endothelial, Platelet, and Angiogenic Indices
Jaumdally, R. J., Lip, G. Y. H., Varma, C., & Blann, A. D. (2011) · Angiology · doi:10.1177/0003319711401904 · Cited by 12
Linkage of Epidemiologic Evidence With the Clinical Aspects of Metabolic Syndrome
Jee, S. H., & Jo, J. (2012) · Korean Circulation Journal · doi:10.4070/kcj.2012.42.6.371 · Cited by 13
Body Shape and Size and Insulin Resistance as Early Clinical Predictors of Hyperandrogenic Anovulation in Ethnic Minority Adolescent Girls
Rieder, J., Santoro, N. F., Cohen, H. W., Marantz, P. R., & Coupey, S. M. (2008) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.02.003 · Cited by 13
“However, the waist circumference cut-point of >88 cm--the standard criteria by which the metabolic syndrome is diagnosed in adult women, (37)--may not be appropriate for adolescents.”
Background
Le syndrome métabolique
Boursier, V. (2006) · Journal des Maladies Vasculaires · doi:10.1016/s0398-0499(06)76543-x · Cited by 13
Análise de diferentes medidas antropométricas na identificação de síndrome metabólica, com ou sem alteração do metabolismo glicídico
da Rocha, N. P., Siqueira-Catania, A., de Barros, C. R., Monfort‐Pires, M., Folchetti, L. D., & Ferreira, S. R. G. (2010) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia · doi:10.1590/s0004-27302010000700008 · Cited by 14
The metabolic syndrome in hypertension: Diagnostic and therapeutic implications
Redón, J., & Cífková, R. (2007) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-007-0056-9 · Cited by 13
Metabolic Syndrome in a Screened Worksite Sample: Prevalence and Predictors
Godefroi, R., Klementowicz, P. T., Pepler, C., Lewis, B., McDonough, K. L., & Goldberg, R. J. (2005) · Cardiology · doi:10.1159/000083439 · Cited by 13
“Despite the acknowledged clinical and public health importance of this constellation of coronary risk factors, and relatively high prevalence estimates in the general population [ ,”
Background
Differential association between metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease evaluated with cardiac computed tomography according to the presence of diabetes in a symptomatic Korean population
Won, K., Chang, H., Sung, J., Shin, S., Cho, I., Shim, C. Y., Hong, G., Kim, Y. J., Choi, B.-W., & Chung, N. (2014) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2261-14-105 · Cited by 13
“MetS is associated with the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) and increased risk of CV morbidity and mortality [2].”
Background
A personalized, multi-platform nutrition, exercise, and lifestyle coaching program: A pilot in women
Héroux, M., Watt, M., McGuire, K. A., & Berardi, J. (2016) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.12.002 · Cited by 15
“…confer greater risk for cardiovascular disease compared to other chronic disease risk factors, such as triglycerides (McNeill et al., 2005; Alexander et al., 2003; Hunt et al., 2004), however a reduction in any one (or multiple) chronic disease risk factor would impart meaningful health…”
Background
Effects of Diabetic Hyperglycemia on Central Ang-(1-7)-Mas-R-nNOS Pathways in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Li, H., Liu, X., Ren, Z., Gu, J., Lu, Y., Wang, X., & Zhang, L. (2016) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000453172 · Cited by 13
Exploring the Association of Asthma with Urinary Stone Disease: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2014
Lee, J. A., Abramowitz, M. K., Kipperman, N., Drzewiecki, B. A., Melamed, M. L., & Stern, J. M. (2018) · European Urology Focus · doi:10.1016/j.euf.2018.07.035 · Cited by 13
The protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type f (PTPRF) locus is associated with coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes
Menzaghi, C., Paroni, G., Bonis, C. D., Coco, A., Vigna, C., Miscio, G., Lanna, P., Tassi, V., Bacci, S., & Trischitta, V. (2008) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.01924.x · Cited by 13
Identifying which patients with diabetes should be tested for the presence of coronary artery disease – The importance of baseline electrocardiogram and exercise testing
Poirier, P., Després, J., & Bertrand, O. F. (2006) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0828-282x(06)70973-4 · Cited by 13
Importance of Diagnosing and Treating the Metabolic Syndrome in Reducing Cardiovascular Risk
Smith, S. R. (2006) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2006.292 · Cited by 13
The metabolic syndrome in Spanish migrants to Brazil: Unexpected results
Pousada, J. M. D. C., Britto, M. M. S., Cruz, T., Lima, M. D. L., Lessa, Í., Lemaire, D. C., Carvalho, R. H., Martinez-Larrad, M. T., Torres, E. C., & Serrano‐Ríos, M. (2005) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2005.09.006 · Cited by 13
Type 2 Diabetes and Disease Management: Exploring the Connections
Segal, K. R. (2004) · Disease Management · doi:10.1089/dis.2004.7.s-11 · Cited by 13
Prevalencia de síndrome metabólico
Cordero, A., Alegría, E., & León, M. (2005) · Revista Española de Cardiología Suplementos · doi:10.1016/s1131-3587(05)74115-7 · Cited by 13
The metabolic syndrome: A vascular perspective
Tamsma, J. T., Jazet, I. M., Beishuizen, E. D., Fogteloo, A. J., Meinders, A. E., & Huisman, M. V. (2005) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2005.01.011 · Cited by 13
Reduction of prevalence of patients meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome with tirzepatide: a post hoc analysis from the SURPASS clinical trial program
Nicholls, S. J., Tofé, S., le Roux, C. W., D’Alessio, D. A., Wiese, R. J., Pavo, I., Brown, K., Weerakkody, G. J., Zeytinoglu, M., & Romera, I. C. (2024) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-024-02147-9 · Cited by 11
Role of coronary artery calcium in cardiovascular risk assessment
Sunkara, N. T., Wong, N. D., & Malik, S. (2013) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1586/14779072.2014.868305 · Cited by 11
Yield of nuclear scan strategy in chest pain unit evaluation of special populations
Conti, A., Vanni, S., Sammicheli, L., Raveggi, S., Camaiti, A., Pieralli, F., Nozzoli, C., Gallini, C., Costanzo, E. N., & Gensini, G. F. (2008) · Nuclear Medicine Communications · doi:10.1097/mnm.0b013e328310b361 · Cited by 12
Optimal Waist Circumference Cutoff Value Based on Insulin Resistance and Visceral Obesity in Koreans with Type 2 Diabetes
Lim, J. S., Choi, Y. J., Kim, S., Huh, B. W., Lee, E. J., & Huh, K. B. (2015) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2015.39.3.253 · Cited by 12
Vitamin D as a risk factor for premature atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes
Al-Said, N. H., Mohamed, N., Salam, R., & Wadie, M. (2015) · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/2042018815600640 · Cited by 12
Frequency of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes and its relationship with insulin resistance.
Ahmed, S., Ahmed, S. A., & Ali, N. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 11
Mindfulnes-Based Stress Reduction for Older Couples with Metabolic Syndrome: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Monin, J. K., Sperduto, C. M., Manigault, A. W., Dutton, A., Clark, M. S., & Jastreboff, A. M. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01301-9 · Cited by 14
Arterial Stiffness by Aerobic Exercise Is Related with Aerobic Capacity, Physical Activity Energy Expenditure and Total Fat but not with Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Female Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Jung, J. Y., Min, K. W., Ahn, H. J., Kwon, H. R., Lee, J. H., Park, K. S., & Han, K. A. (2014) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2014.38.6.439 · Cited by 12
Women Are at a Higher Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Rural Malaysia
Mohamed, H. J. B. J., Mitra, A. K., Zainuddin, L. R. M., Leng, S. K., & Muda, W. A. M. W. (2013) · Women & Health · doi:10.1080/03630242.2013.788120 · Cited by 12
“…of the following factors: raised blood pressure, raised fasting blood glucose, raised triglycerides, or reduced HDL. NCEP ATP III defined MS similar to the JIS but used different cutoff values for central obesity: waist circumference >102 cm for male and >88 cm for female (Alexander et al., 2003).”
Influential
Different Impacts of Metabolic Syndrome Components on Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes
Hsu, C.-H. (2013) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2013/740419 · Cited by 12
Metabolic Syndrome and Angiographic Coronary Artery Disease Prevalence in Association with the Framingham Risk Score
Konstantinou, D. M., Chatzizisis, Y. S., Louridas, G. E., & Giannoglou, G. D. (2010) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2009.0059 · Cited by 12
PPARα: its role in the human metabolic syndrome
Azhar, S., & Kelley, G. (2007) · Future Lipidology · doi:10.2217/17460875.2.1.31 · Cited by 12
“A more recent analysis of NHANES III established that approximately 44% of Americans above 50 years of age have the metabolic syndrome [29,36,38].”
Method
Dysregulation of monocyte biology in metabolic syndrome
Jialal, I., Devaraj, S., & Rajamani, U. (2014) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1586/17446651.2014.890046 · Cited by 12
“[7] reported that MetS patients had higher levels of CRP and fibrinogen as well as leukocyte count in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey study.”
Background
Differences in cholesterol and metabolic syndrome between bipolar disorder men with and without suicide attempts
Vuksan‐Ćusa, B., Marčinko, D., Nađ, S., & Jakovljević, M. (2009) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1017/s0924270800032798 · Cited by 12
Diagnosing metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic Turkish patients: comparison of AHA/NHLBI and IDF definitions
Başol, G., Barutçuoğlu, B., Cakir, Y., Özmen, B., Parıldar, Z., Köse, T., Ozmen, D., & Bayındır, O. (2011) · Bratislavské lekárske listy/Bratislava medical journal · doi:10.1007/bf03657438 · Cited by 12
Gender Difference in the Level of Highdensity Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Elderly Japanese Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Musha, H., Hayashi, A., Kida, K., Takahashi, E., Suzuki, K., Kawasaki, K., Inoue, K., Akashi, Y. J., Tsuchiya, K., Yamauchi, M., et al. (2006) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.45.1528 · Cited by 12
The metabolic syndrome: An exercise in utility or futility?
SADIKOT, S. M., & Misra, A. (2007) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2006.11.001 · Cited by 12
Clustering of metabolic factors among the patients with essential hypertension
Siddique, M. A., Sultan, M. A. U., Haque, K. M. H. S. S., Zaman, M. M., Ahmed, C. M., Rahim, M. A., & Salman, M. (1970) · Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin · doi:10.3329/bmrcb.v34i3.1856 · Cited by 12
The good and the bad: what researchers have learned about dietary cholesterol, lipid management and cardiovascular disease risk since the Harvard Egg Study
Constance, C. M. (2009) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02134.x · Cited by 12
“Other studies, such as a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey analysis, suggest that diabetes alone is not associated with as great a risk of CHD as the metabolic syndrome alone, but that the combination of diabetes and metabolic syndrome is associated with a very high risk of a future vascular event ( 20…”
BackgroundInfluential
Risk management of coronary heart disease – prevention
Dorner, T. E., & Rieder, A. (2004) · Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s10354-004-0073-0 · Cited by 12
Melanocortin overexpression limits diet-induced inflammation and atherosclerosis in LDLR−/− mice
Nuutinen, S., Ailanen, L., Savontaus, E., & Rinne, P. (2018) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-17-0636 · Cited by 14
The Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease
Pistrosch, F., Schäper, F., & Markolf Hanefeld, E. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-1331-8_4 · Cited by 12
Treatment of hypertension in metabolic syndrome: Implications of recent clinical trials
Makaryus, A. N., Akhrass, P., & McFarlane, S. I. (2009) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-009-0037-2 · Cited by 12
“The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data in individuals aged ≥ 50 years suggest that 17% of the population has T2DM and 85% of those with T2DM have MS [ 23 ].”
Background
FEATURES OF THE CONDITION OF ORGANS AND TISSUE OF THE ORAL IN PERSONS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME IN THE ASPECT OF ORTHOPEDIC DENTAL REHABILITATION USING DENTAL IMPLANTS (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Stafeev, A., Viktorova, I. A., Ломиашвили, Л. М., & Хижук, А. В. (2023) · The actual problems in dentistry · doi:10.18481/2077-7566-2023-19-3-29-36 · Cited by 11
Reassessment of cardiovascular risk in diabetes
Jaffe, J. R., Nag, S. S., Landsman, P. B., & Alexander, C. M. (2006) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0b013e3280106208 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Insulin resistance is not necessarily an essential element of metabolic syndrome
Karnchanasorn, R., Ou, H.-Y., Chuang, L., & Chiu, K. C. (2012) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-012-9702-3 · Cited by 12
Correlation of ankle-brachial index and peripheral artery disease with the status of body fat deposition and metabolic syndrome in asymptomatic premenopausal women.
Vasheghani-Farahani, A., Hosseini, K., Ashraf, H., Abolhasani, M., Karbalai, S., Ghajar, A., & Afarideh, M. (2017) · Diabetes & metabolic syndrome · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2016.09.007 · Cited by 12
Impaired Ca 2+ handling in resistance arteries from genetically obese Zucker rats: Role of the PI3K, ERK1/2 and PKC signaling pathways
Sánchez, A., Contreras, C., Climent, B., Cruz, A. G., Muñoz, M., García‐Sacristán, A., López, M., Rivera, L., & Prieto, D. (2018) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2018.03.020 · Cited by 11
Antipsychotics and cardiovascular risk: A case/non-case study
Arias, L. H. M., Fadrique, R. S., García, S. P., Sáinz-Gil, M., Lobato, C. T., & Ortega, P. G. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.014 · Cited by 11
Impact of Supervised Physiotherapeutic Exercises for Obese Adults with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Lucha-López, M. O., Lucha-López, A. C., Peracho, C. V., Tricás-Moreno, J. M., Estébanez-de-Miguel, E., Salavera, C., Hidalgo-García, C., & Caudevilla-Polo, S. (2012) · Journal of Physical Therapy Science · doi:10.1589/jpts.24.1299 · Cited by 11
Combination of Serum Adiponectin Level and Metabolic Syndrome is Closely Associated with Coronary Artery Disease in Japanese Subjects with Good Glycemic Control
Yamashita, T., Matsuda, M., Nishimoto, O., Nakamoto, K., Nishiyama, H., Matsumoto, K., Tamura, R., & Kawamoto, T. (2010) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.49.2897 · Cited by 11
“MetS has received increased attention because it represents an important risk for cardiovascular diseases (3-6).”
BackgroundMethod
The effect of pioglitazone on glycemic and lipid parameters and adverse events in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A post hoc analysis of four randomized trials
Rajagopalan, R., Xu, Y., & Abbadessa, M. (2006) · The American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.amjopharm.2006.06.003 · Cited by 11
Relationship Between Serum Uric Acid Level and Metabolic Syndrome According to Gender
Hong, S. P., Lee, Y. S., Bae, K. R., Chung, J. W., Kim, S. Y., Lee, J., Ryu, J. K., Choi, J. Y., Kim, K. S., Chang, S. G., et al. (2008) · Korean Circulation Journal · doi:10.4070/kcj.2008.38.3.152 · Cited by 11
Relationship of Weekly Activity Minutes to Metabolic Syndrome in Prediabetes: The Healthy Living Partnerships to Prevent Diabetes
Hale, E., Goff, D. C., Isom, S. P., Blackwell, C. S., Whitt‐Glover, M. C., & Katula, J. A. (2013) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.10.5.690 · Cited by 11
Stratifying cardiovascular risk in diabetes: The role of diabetes-related clinical characteristics and imaging
Kianoush, S., Rifai, M. A., Whelton, S. P., Shaya, G. E., Bush, A. L., Graham, G. N., Wong, N. D., & Blaha, M. J. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.04.021 · Cited by 11
The relationship between circulating vitamin D3 and subclinical atherosclerosis in an elderly Asian population
Lu, Y., Chou, R., Liu, L.-K., Chen, L., Huang, P., & Lin, S. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-75391-0 · Cited by 11
Increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Veterans with PTSD untreated with antipsychotic medications
Palmer, B. W., Shir, C., Chang, H., Mulvaney, M., Hall, J. M. H., Shu, I.-W., Jin, H., & Lohr, J. B. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.2021.1965398 · Cited by 11
“[Defining MetS as having 3 out of 5 markers is the general standard in current literature (Aguilar et al., 2015; Alexander et al., 2003; Beltran-Sanchez et al., 2013; Saklayen, 2018).]”
Background
A review of research on the intersection between breast cancer and cardiovascular research in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI)
Raychaudhuri, S., Dieli-Conwright, C. M., Cheng, R. K.-H., Barac, A., Reding, K. W., Vasbinder, A. L., Cook, K. L., Nair, V., Desai, P. M., & Simon, M. S. (2023) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.1039246 · Cited by 11
“associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes and CVD (92).”
Background
THE metabolic syndrome and accurate cardiovascular risk prediction in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Ipadeola, A., & Adeleye, J. O. (2015) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2015.08.011 · Cited by 11
Impact of corpulence parameters and haemoglobin A1c on metabolic control in type 2 diabetic patients: comparison of apolipoprotein B/A-I ratio with fasting and postprandial conventional lipid ratios
Diaf, M., Khaled, M. B., & Sellam, F. (2015) · Libyan Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3402/ljm.v10.27400 · Cited by 11
Long-term outcomes in non-diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome undergoing revascularization for multi-vessel coronary artery disease
Yatskar, L., Holper, E. M., Bansilal, S., Schwartzbard, A. Z., Lombardero, M., Ramanathan, K., Feit, F., Fisher, E. A. A., Faxon, D. P., Hochman, J. S., et al. (2007) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.09.046 · Cited by 11
Metabolic syndrome: stronger association with coronary artery disease in young men in comparison with higher prevalence in young women
Sadeghian, S., Darvish, S., Salimi, S., Esfehani, F. A., Fallah, N., Mahmoodian, M., Salarifar, M., & Karimi, A. (2007) · Coronary Artery Disease · doi:10.1097/mca.0b013e328012a94f · Cited by 11
Components of the metabolic syndrome (MTS), hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance in obese Israeli children and adolescents
Vardi, P., Shahaf-Alkalai, K., Sprecher, E., Koren, I., Zadik, Z., Sabbah, M., Minuchin, O., Lerner, A., Slezak, L., & Abdul‐Ghani, M. A. (2007) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2007.02.002 · Cited by 11
In vivo assessment of cardiac insulin resistance by nuclear probes using an iodinated tracer of glucose transport
Briat, A., Slimani, L., Perret, P., Villemain, D., Halimi, S., Jacques Demongeot, A., Fagret, D., & Ghezzi, C. (2007) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-007-0453-y · Cited by 11
Hyperinsulinemia predisposes to NAFLD
Mishra, S., Yadav, D., Gupta, M., Mishra, H. K., & Sharma, P. (2008) · Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s12291-008-0030-6 · Cited by 11
“Insulin resistance, one of the important component of Metabolic Syndrome ( 11 ) was also found to be associated with development of NAFLD as evident from Fig 4. Insulin resistance, estimated using Homeostatic Model, ranged from 1.118 to 14.7 in 495 subjects.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The Metabolic Syndrome Is a Risk Indicator of Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications in Diabetes
Bonadonna, R. C., & Stefani, P. (2006) · Cited by 11
Clinical and Biochemical Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome among Roma and Non-Roma Subjects in the Eastern Part of Slovakia
Fedačko, J., Pella, D., Jarčuška, P., Siegfried, L., Janíčko, M., Veselíny, E., Sabol, F., Jarčuška, P., Mareková, M., Gecková, A. M., et al. (2014) · Central European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.21101/cejph.a3905 · Cited by 11
Inflammation markers as mediators of vasculo-endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes
Rizvi, A. A. (2007) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/00029330-200711010-00014 · Cited by 11
Hypertension: A Review and Rationale of Treatment
Copley, J. B., & Rosario, R. (2005) · Disease-a-Month · doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2005.10.004 · Cited by 11
Uma exploração multidimensional dos componentes da síndrome metabólica
de Freitas, E. D., Haddad, J. P. A., & Velásquez-Meléndez, G. (2009) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2009000500014 · Cited by 10
Insulin resistance in the ХХІ century: multimodal approach to assessing causes and effective correction
Bobryk, M. I., Tutchenko, T. М., Сідорова, І. В., Бурка, О. А., Krotik, O. І., & Serbeniuk, A. (2021) · Reproductive Endocrinology · doi:10.18370/2309-4117.2021.62.97-103 · Cited by 11
Influência da cor de pele auto-referida na prevalência da síndrome metabólica numa população urbana do Brasil
Barbosa, P. J. B., Lessa, Í., Filho, N. D. A., Magalhães, L. B. N. C., & Araújo, J. (2010) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.1590/s0066-782x2010000100007 · Cited by 13
“Alta/media 53,3 (45,3 -61,4) 54,6 (48,8 - 60,5) 56,7 (49,2 - 64,2)”
BackgroundInfluential
Plasma Lipids, Lipoprotein Metabolism and HDL Lipid Transfers are Equally Altered in Metabolic Syndrome and in Type 2 Diabetes
Silva, V. M., Vinagre, C. G. C., Dallan, L. A. O., Chacra, A. P. M., & Maranhão, R. C. (2014) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/s11745-014-3899-2 · Cited by 10
“Defective intravascular metabolism of the triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins such as chylomicrons and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and of HDL related to insulin resistance are involved in the high exposure of those patients to CAD manifestations [7].”
BackgroundInfluential
El síndrome metabólico como factor de riesgo cardiovascular
Grima, A., Latre, M. L., & Rubio, B. O. (2005) · Revista Española de Cardiología Suplementos · doi:10.1016/s1131-3587(05)74116-9 · Cited by 10
Alanine Aminotransferase within Reference Range Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Men and Women
Zhang, X., Mu, Y., Yan, W., Ba, J., & Li, H. (2014) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph111212767 · Cited by 10
Vitamin D: Popular Cardiovascular Supplement but Benefit Must Be Evaluated
Whayne, T. F. (2011) · International Journal of Angiology · doi:10.1055/s-0031-1279679 · Cited by 10
Metabolic syndrome predicts vascular changes in whole body magnetic resonance imaging in patients with long standing diabetes mellitus
Findeisen, H. M., Weckbach, S., Stark, R. G., Reiser, M. F., Schoenberg, S. O., & Parhofer, K. G. (2010) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/1475-2840-9-44 · Cited by 9
“Many studies have in fact found an association between cardiovascular risk and MetS in type 2 [8-10] and some also in type 1 diabetes [11,12], yet others have found conflicting results in both types of diabetes [13,14].”
Result
Metabolic syndrome in Iran: A review
Ferns, G. A., & Ghayour‐Mobarhan, M. (2018) · Translational Metabolic Syndrome Research · doi:10.1016/j.tmsr.2018.04.001 · Cited by 10
Work ability, functional exercise capacity and prevalence of obesity in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with non-manual employment
Raczkiewicz, D., Bojar, I., & Humeniuk, E. (2019) · International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/10803548.2019.1676565 · Cited by 10
Antiglycation Activities and Common Mechanisms Mediating Vasculoprotective Effect of Quercetin and Chrysin in Metabolic Syndrome
Ahmed, O. A. A., Azhar, A. S., Tarkhan, M. M., Balamash, K. S., & El‐Bassossy, H. M. (2020) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2020/3439624 · Cited by 10
“'e adverse side effect of hyperglycaemia upon the cardiovascular system comes from the frequent accompaniment of impaired fibrinolytic pathways and hypercoagulation [7].”
Background
Prévalence du syndrome métabolique et des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire chez les diabétiques de type 2 vu au service d´endocrinologie, Antananarivo
Raharinavalona, S. A., Razanamparany, T., Raherison, R. E., & Rakotomalala, A. D. P. (2020) · Pan African Medical Journal · doi:10.11604/pamj.2020.36.67.15845 · Cited by 10
Alcohol Consumption and Insulin Sensitivity: AReview
Hulthe, J., & Fagerberg, B. (2005) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2005.3.45 · Cited by 10
Managing Mixed Dyslipidemia in Special Populations
Miller, M. J. (2009) · Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7141.2009.00057.x · Cited by 10
New oral fat tolerance tests feature tailoring of the polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio to elicit a specific postprandial response
Dekker, M. J., Wright, A. J., Mazurak, V. C., Graham, T. E., Marangoni, A. G., & Robinson, L. E. (2007) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h07-101 · Cited by 10
“Although it is not the focus of this paper, the significant correlation between fasting and peak TAG concentrations with fasting insulin and glucose reveals the usefulness of this tool for investigations into clustered and related risk factors for chronic disease, such as the metabolic syndrome (NCEP 2002; Robinson an…”
BackgroundMethod
Epidemiology of metabolic syndrome in different regions. Impact of used definitions and prognostic value
Shlyakhto, E. V., & Konrady, A. O. (2007) · Arterial’naya Gipertenziya (Arterial Hypertension) · doi:10.18705/1607-419x-2007-13-2-95-112 · Cited by 10
Metabolic Syndrome in Women of Childbearing Age and Pregnancy: Recognition and Management of Dyslipidemia
Paramsothy, P., & Knopp, R. H. (2005) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2005.3.250 · Cited by 10
“13 A recent study demonstrated a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in young women METABOLIC SYNDROME IN WOMEN OF 45 years of age than young men with newly diagnosed premature coronary artery disease.”
Dyslipidemia in the metabolic syndrome
Chan, D. C., & Watts, G. F. (2004) · Journal of Drug Evaluation · doi:10.3109/14791130410001728524 · Cited by 10
Aggravation of albuminuria by metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic Asian subjects
Lee, I., Huang, C., Lee, W., Lee, H., & Sheu, W. H. (2008) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2008.05.010 · Cited by 11
ELEVATED CATALASE AND HEME OXYGENASE‐1 MAY CONTRIBUTE TO IMPROVED POSTISCHAEMIC CARDIAC FUNCTION IN LONG‐TERM TYPE 1 DIABETES
Shen, W., Zhong, M., Ding, W., Wang, J., Lin, Z., Zhu, P., Wang, B., Higashino, H., & Chen, H. (2008) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04937.x · Cited by 10
Genetic Studies of Metabolic Syndrome in Arab Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Al-Homedi, Z., Afify, N., Memon, M., AlSafar, H. S., Tay, G. K., Jelinek, H. F., Mousa, M., Abu-Samra, N., & Osman, W. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.733746 · Cited by 9
“To reduce the risk of selection and methodological bias, studies that reported one of the standard definitions of MetS (IDF, AHA/NHLBI, or NCEP - ATP III) were included in the meta-analysis (Supplementary Table S1).”
BackgroundMethod
Mediterranean diet and hypertension: relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and arterial hypertension
Daidone, M., Chiara, T. D., Cuore, A. D., Casuccio, A., Salamone, G., Raimondo, D. D., & Tuttolomondo, A. (2025) · BMC Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s40795-025-01025-1 · Cited by 9
Abnormal Remodeling of Subcutaneous Small Arteries Is Associated With Early Diastolic Impairment in Metabolic Syndrome
Khavandi, K., Aghamohammadzadeh, R., Luckie, M., Brownrigg, J. R. W., Alam, U., Khattar, R. S., Malik, R. A., Heagerty, A. M., & Greenstein, A. S. (2017) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.116.004603 · Cited by 10
Benchmarks of Diabetes Care in Men Living With Treated HIV-Infection: A Tertiary Center Experience
Fazekas, M., Tonks, K. T. T., & Samaras, K. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00634 · Cited by 9
Obesity: the modern view of a problem
Ачкасов, Е., Рапопорт, С. И., Runenko, S. D., & Razina, A. O. (2016) · Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) · doi:10.18821/0023-2149-2016-94-5-333-338 · Cited by 9
Effect of body mass index and abdominal obesity on mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention: a nationwide, population-based study
Song, W.-H., Bae, E. H., Ahn, J. C., Oh, T. R., Kim, Y., Kim, J. S., Kim, S., Kim, S. W., Han, K., & Lim, S. Y. (2020) · The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.3904/kjim.2020.099 · Cited by 9
Metabolic syndrome as an actual health problem (analytical review)
Агарков, Н. М., Титов, А. А., Ивановна, К. С., Коломиец, В. И., Aksenov, V. V., & Kolpina, L. V. (2023) · Health Care of the Russian Federation · doi:10.47470/0044-197x-2023-67-2-136-141 · Cited by 9
Heart failure in patients with metabolic syndrome X
Olatunbosun, P. P., Hunjul, G. N. E., Patel, A., Abbas, R. H., Mody, S., Masalha, A., Mehta, S. M., Rizwan, S., Pareek, A., Jain, S., et al. (2023) · Discoveries · doi:10.15190/d.2023.1 · Cited by 9
Oxidative Stress in the Metabolic Syndrome
Calhau, C., & Santos, A. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9701-0_3 · Cited by 9
Key considerations in pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multiple target organ approach
Cornell, S. A. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2011.01302.x · Cited by 9
What is the clinical usefulness of the metabolic syndrome? The Casale Monferrato study
Bruno, G., Fornengo, P., Segre, O., Novelli, G., Panero, F., Perotto, M., Zucco, C., Bargero, G., & Cavallo‐Perin, P. (2009) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283310ee5 · Cited by 9
Relationship Between Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Chronic Complications in Koreans with Type 2 Diabetes
Chung, H. S., Seo, J. A., Kim, S. G., Kim, N. H., Kim, D. M., Chung, C. H., & Choi, D. S. (2009) · Korean Diabetes Journal · doi:10.4093/kdj.2009.33.5.392 · Cited by 9

Authors: Alexander, C. M., Landsman, P. B., Teutsch, S. M., & Haffner, S. M.
Affiliations: Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) (US)
The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
ORCID: Alexander, Charles M.
Teutsch, Steven M.
Venue: Diabetes
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2003-05-01
Volume: 52
Issue: 5
Pages: 1210-1214
ISSN: 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
1939-327X
DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.52.5.1210
OpenAlex: W2151152924
Cited by: 1,475
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 65 · 2012: 73
FWCI: 77.32
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Diabetes (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Keywords: metabolic syndrome, coronary artery disease, prevalence, older adults, NCEP criteria, NHANES III, cardiovascular risk factors, blood pressure, HDL cholesterol
MeSH terms: Age Factors, Blood Pressure, Body Constitution, Coronary Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Angiopathies, Female, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Education as Topic, Physical Examination, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Smoking, United States, Prevalence, Metabolic Syndrome

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

NCEP-Defined Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, and Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease Among NHANES III Participants Age 50 Years and Older

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks