The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
NCEP-Defined Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, and Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease Among NHANES III Participants Age 50 Years and Older
Abstract
Although the individual components of the metabolic syndrome are clearly associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), we wanted to quantify the increased prevalence of CHD among people with metabolic syndrome. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) was used to categorize adults over 50 years of age by presence of metabolic syndrome (National Cholesterol Education Program [NCEP] definition) with or without diabetes. Demographic and risk factor information was determined for each group, as well as the proportion of each group meeting specific criteria for metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of CHD for each group was then determined. Metabolic syndrome is very common, with ∼44% of the U.S. population over 50 years of age meeting the NCEP criteria. In contrast, diabetes without metabolic syndrome is uncommon (13% of those with diabetes). Older Americans over 50 years of age without metabolic syndrome regardless of diabetes status had the lowest CHD prevalence (8.7% without diabetes, 7.5% with diabetes). Compared with those with metabolic syndrome, people with diabetes without metabolic syndrome did not have an increase in CHD prevalence. Those with metabolic syndrome without diabetes had higher CHD prevalence (13.9%), and those with both metabolic syndrome and diabetes had the highest prevalence of CHD (19.2%) compared with those with neither. Metabolic syndrome was a significant univariate predictor of prevalent CHD (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.66–2.59). However, blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, and diabetes, but not presence of metabolic syndrome, were significant multivariate predictors of prevalent CHD. The prevalence of CHD markedly increased with the presence of metabolic syndrome. Among people with diabetes, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was very high, and those with diabetes and metabolic syndrome had the highest prevalence of CHD. Among all individuals with diabetes, prevalence of CHD was increased compared with those with metabolic syndrome without diabetes. However, individuals with diabetes without metabolic syndrome had no greater prevalence of CHD compared with those with neither.
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“In individuals with diabetes, the coexistence of other metabolic syndrome factors denotes a higher risk for future development of ASCVD.69”
From Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement (2005) · cites this paper as [69]
In the citing paper
“the combination of MS and hypertension has been reported to result in an even higher morbidity and mortality.11”
From Sympathetic Neural Activation in Nondiabetic Metabolic Syndrome and Its Further Augmentation by Hypertension (2004) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“It is already known that MS or EHT patients have a high cardiovascular risk”
From Sympathetic Neural Activation in Nondiabetic Metabolic Syndrome and Its Further Augmentation by Hypertension (2004) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“ASCVD risk is higher with MetS in the absence of T2D compared with T2D without MetS (13.9% vs. 7.5%, respectively) (13).”
From The CardioMetabolic Health Alliance (2015) · cites this paper as [13]
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“Using this definition, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data show that currently ∼35% of all US adults haveMetS [6] and that >40% of adults over the age of 50 have the syndrome [7].”
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“In particular, older age, higher blood pressure, and the presence of metabolic syndrome have been shown to convey greater cardiometabolic and/or diabetes risk in women (11,12).”
BackgroundPrevalence and comorbidities of double diabetes
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“In one study (32) cardiovascular events were more closely dependent on insulin resistance than HDL-C levels, whereas another study suggested that HDL-C was the better predictor (37).”
Phagocytic NADPH Oxidase Overactivity Underlies Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Syndrome
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“The past few years have also increased the recognition of its frequent association with cardiovascular disease, especially atherosclerosis, which constitutes one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in metabolic syndrome (2,3).”
BackgroundThe evolution of domain arrangements in proteins and interaction networks
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Prevalence of Hearing Loss in US Children and Adolescents
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Obesity, Abdominal Obesity and Alzheimer Disease
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“The mechanisms by which obesity and abdominal obesity may play a role in the aetiology of AD are not yet clear, but perhaps could be partially explained by the association of obesity and abdominal obesity with insulin resistance [”
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“Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a collection of cardiovascular risk factors including central obesity, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, as well as low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseas…”
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Metabolic Syndrome and Early-Onset Coronary Artery Disease
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Update on the metabolic syndrome in children
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Transcriptional Control of Apolipoprotein A-I Gene Expression in Diabetes
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Blood pressure categories, hypertensive subtypes, and the metabolic syndrome
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Obesity‐related Changes in High‐density Lipoprotein Metabolism
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“[10] from the NHANES dataset, despite differences in study design with respect to age cut-offs and diagnostic criteria for CHD.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialBacci, S., Ludovico, O., Prudente, S., Zhang, Y.-Y., Paola, R. D., Mangiacotti, D., Rauseo, A., Nolan, D., Duffy, J. E., Fini, G., et al. (2005) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.10.3021 · Cited by 113
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A Longitudinal Study of the Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer
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“Several prospective studies have now confirmed that metabolic syndrome was associated with premature cardiovascular mortality and new onset of diabetes (19,20).”
BackgroundSimeoni, E., Hoffmann, M. M., Winkelmann, B. R., Ruiz, J., Fleury, S., Boehm, B. O., M�rz, W., & Vassalli, G. (2004) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-004-1494-4 · Cited by 109
“The molecular mechanisms that link obesity and insulin resistance are incompletely understood [1, 2, 3].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Alexander, C. M., Landsman, P. B., Teutsch, S. M., & Haffner, S. M.
- Affiliations
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) (US)
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2003-05-01
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1210-1214
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- OpenAlex
- W2151152924
- Cited by
- 1,475
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 65 · 2012: 73
- FWCI
- 77.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- metabolic syndrome, coronary artery disease, prevalence, older adults, NCEP criteria, NHANES III, cardiovascular risk factors, blood pressure, HDL cholesterol
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Blood Pressure, Body Constitution, Coronary Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Angiopathies, Female, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Education as Topic, Physical Examination, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Smoking, United States, Prevalence, Metabolic Syndrome
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