The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Regulation of Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ Activity by Mammalian Target of Rapamycin and Amino Acids in Adipogenesis
Open accessAbstract
Adipocyte differentiation is a developmental process that is critical for metabolic homeostasis and nutrient signaling. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) mediates nutrient signaling to regulate cell growth, proliferation, and diverse cellular differentiation. It has been reported that rapamycin, the inhibitor of mTOR and an immunosuppressant, blocks adipocyte differentiation, but the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unknown. Here we show that mTOR plays a critical role in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and that mTOR kinase activity is required for this process. Rapamycin specifically disrupted the positive transcriptional feedback loop between CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), two key transcription factors in adipogenesis, by directly targeting the transactivation activity of PPAR-γ. In addition, we demonstrate for the first time that PPAR-γ activity is dependent on amino acid sufficiency, revealing a molecular link between nutrient status and adipogenesis. The results of our further investigation have led us to propose a model in which the mTOR pathway and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway act in parallel to regulate PPAR-γ activation during adipogenesis by mediating nutrient availability and insulin signals, respectively. It is interesting that troglitazone (a thiazolidinedione drug) reversed the inhibitory effects of rapamycin and amino acid deprivation, implicating therapeutic values of thiazolidinedione drugs to counter certain side effects of rapamycin as an immunosuppressant.
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Cites
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Cited by
mTOR Signaling in Growth Control and Disease
Laplante, M., & Sabatini, D. M. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.017 · Cited by 8,509
TOR signaling in growth and metabolism
Wullschleger, S., Loewith, R., & Hall, M. N. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.01.016 · Cited by 5,787
mTOR: from growth signal integration to cancer, diabetes and ageing
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mTOR at the nexus of nutrition, growth, ageing and disease
Liu, G. Y., & Sabatini, D. M. (2020) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-019-0199-y · Cited by 2,737
Adipocyte differentiation from the inside out
Rosen, E. D., & MacDougald, O. A. (2006) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2066 · Cited by 2,607
Metadata
- Authors
- Kim, J. E., & Chen, J.
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2004-11-01
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2748-2756
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- OpenAlex
- W2143421197
- Cited by
- 454
- References
- 56
- FWCI
- 4.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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