Cited by 1,173Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated ReceptorsLipid metabolism and disordersParaoxonase enzyme and polymorphisms

PPARalpha and PPARgamma activators direct a distinct tissue‐specific transcriptional response via a PPRE in the lipoprotein lipase gene.

Open access
Schoonjans, K., Peinado‐Onsurbe, J., Lefebvre, A. M., Heyman, R. A., Briggs, M., Deeb, S., Staels, B., Auwerx, J.·1996·The EMBO Journal

Abstract

Increased activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) may explain the hypotriglyceridemic effects of fibrates, thiazolidinediones and fatty acids, which are known activators (and/or ligands) of the various peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Treatment with compounds which activate preferentially PPARalpha, such as fenofibrate, induced LPL expression exclusively in rat liver. In contrast, the antidiabetic thiazolidinedione BRL 49653, a high affinity ligand for PPARgamma, had no effect on liver, but induced LPL expression in rat adipose tissue. In the hepatocyte cell line AML-12, fenofibric acid, but not BRL 49653, induced LPL mRNA, whereas in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, the PPARgamma ligand induced LPL mRNA levels much quicker and to a higher extent than fenofibric acid. In both the in vivo and in vitro studies, inducibility by either PPARalpha or gamma activators, correlated with the tissue distribution of the respective PPARs: an adipocyte-restricted expression of PPARgamma, whereas PPARalpha was expressed predominantly in liver. A sequence element was identified in the human LPL promoter that mediates the functional responsiveness to fibrates and thiazolidinediones. Methylation interference and gel retardation assays demonstrated that a PPARalpha or gamma and the 9-cis retinoic acid receptor (RXR) heterodimers bind to this sequence -169 TGCCCTTTCCCCC -157. These data provide evidence that transcriptional activation of the LPL gene by fibrates and thiazolidinediones is mediated by PPAR-RXR heterodimers and contributes significantly to their hypotriglyceridemic effects in vivo. Whereas thiazolidinediones predominantly affect adipocyte LPL production through activation of PPARgamma, fibrates exert their effects mainly in the liver via activation of PPARalpha.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00918.x

Cites

76 of 76 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Thiazolidinediones act by activating PPARγ and regulating genes involved in glucose and fat metabolism.

    “Their mode of action involves activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ), a nuclear transcription factor that is highly expressed in adipose tissue, and the subsequent regulation of genes that are involved in glucose and fat metabolism.356, 357, 358”

    From Pancreatic regulation of glucose homeostasis. (2016) · cites this paper as [357]

    The Abstract and Introduction report that thiazolidinediones activate PPARγ and induce transcription of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene in adipocytes, supporting the fat-metabolism portion. The Discussion links this effect to improved glucose metabolism only speculatively; it does not establish regulation of genes involved in glucose metabolism. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Activation of PPARα increases LPL and apo A-V, decreases apo C-III, thereby enhancing catabolism of TG-rich lipoproteins and reducing serum TG levels.

    “Activation of PPARα increases the production of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and apolipoprotein (apo) A-V, while it decreases the plasma levels of apo C-III that inhibits LPL activity, thereby enhancing the catabolism of TG-rich lipoproteins and reducing serum TG levels [31–34].”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. De Vos,P. et al. (1996) Thiazolidinediones repress oh gene expression via activation of PPARy. J. Clitn. Invest.. in press.
  2. Flier,J.S. (1995) Syndromes of insulin resistance and mutant insulin. In De Groot.L.J. (ed.). Endocrinology. W.B.Saunders. Philadelphia, PA. pp. 1592-1604.
  3. Hu.E., Tontonoz.P. and Spiegelman.B.M. (1995) Transdifferentiation of myoblasts by the adipogenic transcription factors PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha. Proc. Natl Acacd. Sci. USA, 92. 9856-9860.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Schoonjans, K., Peinado‐Onsurbe, J., Lefebvre, A. M., Heyman, R. A., Briggs, M., Deeb, S., Staels, B., & Auwerx, J.
Affiliations
Inserm (FR)
Venue
The EMBO Journal
Published
1996-10-01
Volume
15
Issue
19
Pages
5336-5348
ISSN
  • 0261-4189 (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-2075
OpenAlex
W1672804368
Cited by
1,173
References
76
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 34
FWCI
11.61
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The EMBO Journal (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
  • Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
  • National Institutes of Health (5p50hl047151-05)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-47151)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Paraoxonase enzyme and polymorphisms
Keywords
lipoprotein lipase, PPARα, PPARγ, PPAR-RXR heterodimer, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, tissue-specific transcription, fibrates, thiazolidinediones, fenofibrate, fenofibric acid, hypotriglyceridemic effect, liver, adipose tissue, gene expression regulation
MeSH terms
Rosiglitazone, Adipose Tissue, Animals, Hypolipidemic Agents, Cell Line, DNA, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Lipoprotein Lipase, Liver, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Myocardium, Organ Specificity, Fenofibrate, Promoter Regions, Genetic, RNA, Messenger, Thiazoles, Transcription Factors, Transcriptional Activation, 3T3 Cells, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Adipocytes, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Receptors, Retinoic Acid, Dimerization, Thiazolidinediones, Retinoid X Receptors, Mice, Rats

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review