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Strength Training Increases Insulin-Mediated Glucose Uptake, GLUT4 Content, and Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Strength training represents an alternative to endurance training for patients with type 2 diabetes. Little is known about the effect on insulin action and key proteins in skeletal muscle, and the necessary volume of strength training is unknown. A total of 10 type 2 diabetic subjects and 7 healthy men (control subjects) strength-trained one leg three times per week for 6 weeks while the other leg remained untrained. Each session lasted no more than 30 min. After strength training, muscle biopsies were obtained, and an isoglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp combined with arterio-femoral venous catheterization of both legs was carried out. In general, qualitatively similar responses were obtained in both groups. During the clamp, leg blood flow was higher (P < 0.05) in trained versus untrained legs, but despite this, arterio-venous extraction glucose did not decrease in trained legs. Thus, leg glucose clearance was increased in trained legs (P < 0.05) and more than explained by increases in muscle mass. Strength training increased protein content of GLUT4, insulin receptor, protein kinase B-α/β, glycogen synthase (GS), and GS total activity. In conclusion, we found that strength training for 30 min three times per week increases insulin action in skeletal muscle in both groups. The adaptation is attributable to local contraction-mediated mechanisms involving key proteins in the insulin signaling cascade.
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“Training can enhance the responsiveness of skeletal muscles to insulin with increased expression and/or activity of proteins involved in glucose metabolism and insulin signaling ( 39 , 110 , 204 , 270 ).”
From Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [110]
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“Resistance training increased insulin-mediated glucose uptake, GLUT4 content and insulin signaling in skeletal muscles in patients with type 2 diabetes (Holten et al., 2004).”
BackgroundColberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Fernhall, B., Regensteiner, J. G., Blissmer, B. J., Rubin, R. R., Chasan-Taber, L., Albright, A. L., & Braun, B. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-9990 · Cited by 1,955
“Training can enhance the responsiveness of skeletal muscles to insulin with increased expression and/ or activity of proteins involved in glucose metabolism and insulin signaling (39,110,204,270).”
Evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in chronic disease
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“(276) noted, using the single-leg RT model, increased glucose clearance more than what could be explained by increases in LBM alone.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Holten, M. K., Zacho, M., Gaster, M., Juel, C., Wojtaszewski, J. F. P., & Dela, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Rigshospitalet (DK)
- Odense University Hospital (DK)
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2004-02-01
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 294-305
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- OpenAlex
- W2153401503
- Cited by
- 615
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 7.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsråd
- University of Cambridge
- National Research Foundation
- Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (504–14)
- Diabetesforeningen
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- resistance training, type 2 diabetes, insulin action, skeletal muscle, GLUT4, insulin signaling, glycogen synthase, Akt, insulin receptor, glucose uptake, glucose clearance, muscle blood flow, training volume
- MeSH terms
- Biological Transport, Capillaries, Denmark, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glucose, Glycogen, Humans, Insulin, Leg, Male, Monosaccharide Transport Proteins, Muscle Proteins, Physical Fitness, Reference Values, Tensile Strength, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, White People, Glucose Transporter Type 4
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