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Strength Training Increases Insulin-Mediated Glucose Uptake, GLUT4 Content, and Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Strength training represents an alternative to endurance training for patients with type 2 diabetes. Little is known about the effect on insulin action and key proteins in skeletal muscle, and the necessary volume of strength training is unknown. A total of 10 type 2 diabetic subjects and 7 healthy men (control subjects) strength-trained one leg three times per week for 6 weeks while the other leg remained untrained. Each session lasted no more than 30 min. After strength training, muscle biopsies were obtained, and an isoglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp combined with arterio-femoral venous catheterization of both legs was carried out. In general, qualitatively similar responses were obtained in both groups. During the clamp, leg blood flow was higher (P < 0.05) in trained versus untrained legs, but despite this, arterio-venous extraction glucose did not decrease in trained legs. Thus, leg glucose clearance was increased in trained legs (P < 0.05) and more than explained by increases in muscle mass. Strength training increased protein content of GLUT4, insulin receptor, protein kinase B-α/β, glycogen synthase (GS), and GS total activity. In conclusion, we found that strength training for 30 min three times per week increases insulin action in skeletal muscle in both groups. The adaptation is attributable to local contraction-mediated mechanisms involving key proteins in the insulin signaling cascade.
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“Training can enhance the responsiveness of skeletal muscles to insulin with increased expression and/or activity of proteins involved in glucose metabolism and insulin signaling ( 39 , 110 , 204 , 270 ).”
From Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [110]
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“Importantly, this study was not powered to detect changes in MetS, although the lack of improvement is surprising considering that resistance training has been shown to enhance insulin sensitivity in type II diabetics [50], while resistance plus aerobic training has been shown to reduce MetS criteria in dyslipidemic […”
BackgroundMitochondrial oxidative function and type 2 diabetes
Rabøl, R., Boushel, R., & Dela, F. (2006) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h06-071 · Cited by 113
“2001), whereas others have not (Zierath et al. 1996; van Loon et al. 2004; Holten et al. 2004; He et al. 2001).”
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“In addition to prolonged endurance training, resistance exercise interventions have also been reported to improve glucose tolerance and/or whole-body insulin sensitivity (Craig et al. 1989; Dunstan et al. 2002; Fenicchia et al. 2004; Holten et al. 2004; Ishii et al. 1998; Miller et al. 1984).”
BackgroundResistance training, insulin sensitivity and muscle function in the elderly
Dela, F., & Kjaer, M. (2006) · Essays in Biochemistry · doi:10.1042/bse0420075 · Cited by 108
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Lean mass, grip strength and risk of type 2 diabetes: a bi-directional Mendelian randomisation study
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Influence of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Glucose Uptake
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Startup Circuit Training Program Reduces Metabolic Risk in Latino Adolescents
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Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Exercise and Possible Applications in Type 2 Diabetes
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Physical Fitness Among Swedish Military Conscripts and Long-Term Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Interactions between insulin and exercise
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Metadata
- Authors
- Holten, M. K., Zacho, M., Gaster, M., Juel, C., Wojtaszewski, J. F. P., & Dela, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Rigshospitalet (DK)
- Odense University Hospital (DK)
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2004-02-01
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 294-305
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- OpenAlex
- W2153401503
- Cited by
- 615
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 7.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsråd
- University of Cambridge
- National Research Foundation
- Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (504–14)
- Diabetesforeningen
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- resistance training, type 2 diabetes, insulin action, skeletal muscle, GLUT4, insulin signaling, glycogen synthase, Akt, insulin receptor, glucose uptake, glucose clearance, muscle blood flow, training volume
- MeSH terms
- Biological Transport, Capillaries, Denmark, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glucose, Glycogen, Humans, Insulin, Leg, Male, Monosaccharide Transport Proteins, Muscle Proteins, Physical Fitness, Reference Values, Tensile Strength, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, White People, Glucose Transporter Type 4
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