Acute Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Glucose Tolerance and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Abstract
Objective To investigate the acute effect of cigarette smoking on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, serum lipids, blood pressure, and heart rate. Research design and methods This nonrandomized experimental control trial in a tertiary care center included 20 healthy chronic smokers and 20 age-, sex-, and BMI-matched healthy volunteers. Two oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were performed on each subject. Three cigarettes were smoked during the first 30 min in one of the tests. Serum glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels were measured every 30 min; the area under the curve (AUC) and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were calculated; serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were measured at 0 and 180 min; and blood pressure and heart rate were recorded every 5 min throughout 180 min. Results Smoking acutely impaired glucose tolerance: the AUC for glucose in smokers was 25.5 +/- 1.03 mmol/l (mean +/- SE) (95% CI 22.9-28) during the smoking OGTT and 21.8 +/- 0.85 mmol/l (CI 19.2-24.3) in the control OGTT (P Conclusions Smoking acutely impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, enhanced serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and raised blood pressure and heart rate. These findings support the pathogenetic role of cigarette smoking on cardiovascular risk factors.
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Cigarette smoking may cause acute insulin resistance.
“Cigarette smoking is another potential confounder since it may cause acute insulin resistance (Attvall et al. 1993;Frati et al. 1996).”
From Glycaemic index methodology (2005) · cites this paper as Frati et al. 1996
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- Authors
- Frati, A. C., Iniestra, F., & Ariza, C. R.
- Affiliations
- Mexican Social Security Institute (MX)
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 1996-02-01
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 112-118
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2029987271
- Cited by
- 206
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 1.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Keywords
- glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, insulin sensitivity index, serum lipids, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, blood pressure, heart rate, cardiovascular risk factors, C-peptide, oral glucose tolerance test, acute effects of smoking, chronic smokers, hypertriglyceridemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, smoking cessation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, C-Peptide, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Heart Rate, Humans, Insulin, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values, Risk Factors, Smoking, Time Factors, Triglycerides, Case-Control Studies
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