Long-term use of nicotine gum is associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance
Abstract
Background Insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk profile were examined in 20 healthy, nonobese, middle-aged men who were long-term users of nicotine-containing chewing gum and in 20 matched control subjects who did not use nicotine. Methods and Results Long-term use of nicotine-containing chewing gum was associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. The degree of insulin sensitivity correlated negatively to the extent of nicotine use measured as plasma cotinine levels. Conclusions These findings suggest that nicotine is the major constituent in cigarette smoke that leads to insulin resistance, metabolic abnormalities associated with the insulin resistance syndrome, and increased cardiovascular morbidity. Thus, the use of nicotine replacement therapy during smoking cessation should be transient and limited.
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Studies that have looked at long-term NRT use suggest it is safe and any associated health risks are small, certainly compared with continued smoking.
“the studies that have looked at this issue suggest that long-term NRT use is safe and any associated health risks are small, 76 certainly compared with continued smoking.77,78”
From Evaluating Long-term Outcomes of NHS Stop Smoking Services (ELONS): a prospective cohort study (2015) · cites this paper as [76]
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Exploratory survey study of long-term users of nicotine replacement therapy in Danish consumers
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Chronic Smoking Prevents Amelioration of Endothelial Function in the Course of the Menstrual Cycle
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Literature Review on Nicotine’s Role in Human Health
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Smokeless tobacco extract impairs iron homeostasis in rats and human hepatoma, HepG2 cells
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Snuff use associated with abdominal obesity in former smokers
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- Authors
- Eliasson, B., Taskinen, M.-R., & Smith, U.
- Affiliations
- the Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Go¨teborg, Sweden, and the Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki (M.-R.T.), Finland.
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 1996-09
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 878-881
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2065858852
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 3.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- nicotine gum, nicotine replacement therapy, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, cotinine, smoking cessation, cardiovascular risk, metabolic abnormalities, metabolic syndrome
- MeSH terms
- Adult, C-Peptide, Cotinine, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine
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