The Insulin Resistance Syndrome Revisited
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In the general population, insulin resistance is a predictor of CVD.
“In the general population, IR is a predictor of CVD. 26,27”
From Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Summary of an evidence-based guideline (2011) · cites this paper as [26]
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Peripheral Arterial Disease in the Elderly
Meijer, W. T., Hoes, A. W., Rutgers, D., Bots, M. L., Albert Hofman, D., & Grobbee, D. E. (1998) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.18.2.185 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Recent Research on the Health Benefits of Blueberries and Their Anthocyanins
Kalt, W., Cassidy, A., Howard, L. R., Krikorian, R., Stull, A. J., Tremblay, F., & Zamora‐Ros, R. (2019) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmz065 · Cited by 679 · see citing works
Hanley, A. J., Williams, K., D, M. P. S. M., & Haffner, S. M. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.7.1177 · Cited by 637 · see citing works
Self-citationde Vegt, F., Dekker, J. M., Ruhé, H. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Nijpels, G., Bouter, L. M., & Heine, R. J. (1999) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250051249 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Insulin and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Ruige, J. B., Assendelft, W. J., Dekker, J. M., Kostense, P. J., Heine, R. J., & Bouter, L. M. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.10.996 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
“showed the importance of proinsulin and split products in accelerating atherosclerosis.(44,45) Again, correlation with other”
BackgroundAssessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Summary of an evidence-based guideline
Teede, H. J., Misso, M. L., Deeks, A. A., Moran, L. J., Stuckey, B. G. A., Wong, J. L. A., Norman, R. J., Costello, M. F., & Groups, O. B. O. T. G. D. (2011) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja11.10915 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Changes in Glucose Tolerance over Time in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Controlled Study
Legro, R. S., Gnatuk, C. L., Kunselman, A. R., & Dunaif, A. E. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1843 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Nieves, D. J., Cnop, M., Retzlaff, B., Walden, C. E., Brunzell, J. D., Knopp, R. H., & Kahn, S. E. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.1.172 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
“A number of different names have been suggested to describe the constellation of associations between insulin resistance and these clinical findings, including syndrome X (6), the insulin resistance syndrome (47), the central adiposity syndrome (48), and the metabolic syndrome (25).”
BackgroundOrchard, T. J., Chang, Y.-F., Ferrell, R. E., Petro, N., & Ellis, D. (2002) · Kidney International · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00507.x · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Grace, M. H., Ribnicky, D., Kuhn, P. E., Poulev, A., Logendra, S., Yousef, G. G., Raskin, I., & Lila, M. A. (2009) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2009.02.018 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
“Insulin resistance is a key pathophysiologic feature of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes and is strongly associated with co-existing cardiovascular risk factors and accelerated atherosclerosis (Haffner, 1996).”
BackgroundWiner, N., & Sowers, J. R. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1177/0091270004263017 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Association between obesity and a prothrombotic state: the Framingham Offspring Study
Rosito, G. A., D’Agostino, R. B., Massaro, J. M., Lipinska, I., Mittleman, M. A., Sutherland, P. A., Wilson, P. W. F., Levy, D. A., Muller, J. E., & Tofler, G. H. (2004) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th03-01-0014 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
“Obesity, particularly truncal obesity, is a component of the metabolic syndrome together with hypertension, dislipidemia and insulin resistance (30).”
BackgroundCefalu, W. T. (2006) · ILAR Journal · doi:10.1093/ilar.47.3.186 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
de Vegt, F., Dekker, J. M., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Nijpels, G., Bouter, L. M., & Heine, R. J. (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.10.1686 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Meyer, C., McGrath, B. P., & Teede, H. J. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-0618 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Teede, H. J., Hutchison, S. K., Zoungas, S., & Meyer, C. (2006) · Endocrine · doi:10.1385/endo:30:1:45 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Bansal, T. C., Guay, A. T., Jacobson, J., Woods, B. O., & Nesto, R. W. (2005) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2005.20120.x · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Lakka, H., Lakka, T. A., Tuomilehto, J. O., Sivenius, J., & Salonen, J. T. (2000) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.160.8.1160 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Insulin: in search of a syndrome
Ferrannini, E., & Balkau, B. (2002) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00794.x · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Škrha, J., Haas, T., Šindelka, G., Prázný, M., Widimský, J., Cibula, D., & Svačina, Š. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-030024 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Obesity, body composition and metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome
Svendsen, P. F., Nilas, L., Nørgaard, K., Jensen, J. B., & Madsbad, S. (2008) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/den211 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Vascular Dysfunction and Metabolic Parameters in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Meyer, C., McGrath, B. P., Cameron, J., Kotsopoulos, D., & Teede, H. J. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1487 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Are the available experimental models of type 2 diabetes appropriate for a gender perspective?
Franconi, F., Seghieri, G., Canu, S., Straface, E., Campesi, I., & Malorni, W. (2007) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2007.11.007 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Metabolic Syndrome and Ischemic Heart Disease in Elderly Men and Women
Lindblad, U., Langer, R. D., Wingard, D. L., Thomas, R. G., & Barrett-Connor, E. L. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/153.5.481 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Tremblay, A., Despres, J., Piché, M., Nadeau, A., Bergeron, J., Alméras, N., Tremblay, A., & Lemieux, S. (2004) · Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2003.10.011 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
CARDIOVASCULAR CONSEQUENCES OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
Amowitz, L. L., & Sobel, B. E. (1999) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70079-7 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Stadtmauer, L. A. (2002) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/17.12.3016 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Dietary Weight Loss Decreases Serum Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Activity in Obese Adults
Harp, J. B., Henry, S. A., & DiGirolamo, M. (2002) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2002.134 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Bøg‐Hansen, E., Lindblad, U., Bengtsson, K., et al. (1998) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.1998.00286.x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Blueberries in focus: Exploring the phytochemical potentials and therapeutic applications
Ashique, S., Mukherjee, T., Mohanty, S., Garg, A., Mishra, N., Kaushik, M., Bhowmick, M., Chattaraj, B., Mohanto, S., Srivastava, S., et al. (2024) · Journal of Agriculture and Food Research · doi:10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101300 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Wang, Z. Q., Ribnicky, D., Zhang, X. H., Raskin, I., Yu, Y., & Cefalu, W. T. (2008) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2008.04.003 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Robinson, L. E., & Graham, T. E. (2004) · Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1139/h04-053 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“Although not included in current diagnostic criteria, several other metabolic abnormalities which have particular relevance to CVD have also been associated with the metabolic syndrome, including altered postprandial hypertriacylglycerolemia, small dense LDL-cholesterol particles, hyperapolipoprotein B, and impaired f…”
BackgroundBotanicals and the metabolic syndrome
Cefalu, W. T., Ye, J., Zuberi, A. R., Ribnicky, D., Raskin, I., Liu, Z., Wang, Z. Q., Brantley, P. J., Howard, L. R., & LeFevre, M. L. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.2.481s · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Lemieux, S., Lewis, G. F., Ben‐Chetrit, A., Steiner, G. A., & Greenblatt, E. M. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.84.11.6140 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Blueberries’ Impact on Insulin Resistance and Glucose Intolerance
Stull, A. J. (2016) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox5040044 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Insulin resistance is defined as inefficient glucose uptake and utilization in peripheral tissues in response to insulin stimulation [1].”
BackgroundSobel, B. E. (1999) · Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.99231.x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Åhrén, B., & Larsson, H. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.2007.s202 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“A common denominator in this syndrome is defective insulin sensitivity (1,2,4), which is due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors (5).”
BackgroundSkeletal Muscle Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Regulates Insulin Sensitivity in African Americans
Stull, A. J., Wang, Z. Q., Zhang, X. H., Yu, Y., Johnson, W. D., & Cefalu, W. T. (2012) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db11-0744 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Henry, R. R. (1998) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(98)00207-1 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Lakshman, K., Girija, K., Pruthvi, N., et al. (2011) · Indian Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.4103/0253-7613.83120 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“[1] Therefore, the search for more effective and safer hypoglycemic compounds has continued to be an important area of active research and after the recommendations made by World Helath”
Multiple risk factor clustering of hypertension in a screened cohort
Tozawa, M., Oshiro, S., Iseki, C., et al. (2000) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200018100-00004 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“The combination of hypertension and diabetes mellitus may be clinically important as this appears to be a clinical expression of the insulin resistance syndrome [19,24].”
BackgroundBrito, V. B., Folmer, V., Soares, J. C. M., et al. (2007) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2007.08.002 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Menopause, insulin resistance, and risk factors for cardiovascular disease
Manco, M., Nolfe, G., Calvani, M., Natali, A., Nolan, J. J., Ferrannini, E., & Mingrone, G. (2006) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/01.gme.0000233492.38638.74 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Thomas, G. N., Young, R. P., Tomlinson, B., Anderson, P. J., Woo, K. S., Sanderson, J. E., & Critchley, J. A. (1999) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.3109/10641969909052195 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Shin, H. S., Lee, W., Kim, S.-W., Jung, C., Rhee, E., Kim, B. J., Sung, K., Kim, B., Kang, J.-H., Lee, M., et al. (2005) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.69.409 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Is hypertension common in hospitalized type 2 diabetic patients?
Akbar, D. H. (2001) · Saudi Medical Journal · doi:10.15537/1658-3175.1367 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Torbay, N., Hwalla, N. C., Sawaya, S., Bajjani, R., Habbal, Z., Azar, S. T., & Hashim, S. A. (2002) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/s0271-5317(02)00359-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Insulin Resistance - What is Myth and What is Reality?
Ionescu-Tirgoviste, C. (2011) · Acta Endocrinologica (Bucharest) · doi:10.4183/aeb.2011.123 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Metabolic syndrome: the dysmetabolic state of dysfunctional adipose tissue and insulin resistance
Després, J., & Brewer, H. B. (2008) · European Heart Journal Supplements · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/sum051 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Kong, G. W. S., Cheung, L. P., & Lok, I. H. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Kagan, J. (2002) · Disease Markers · doi:10.1155/1998/698239 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Experimental studies on glycolytic enzyme inhibitory and antiglycation potential of Triphala
Ganeshpurkar, A., Jain, S., & Agarwal, S. (2015) · AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda) · doi:10.4103/0974-8520.169000 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Hermann, L. S., Ranstam, J., Vaaler, S., & Melander, A. (1999) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1046/j.1463-1326.1999.00034.x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Johnson, K., Graney, M. J., Applegate, W. B., Kitabchi, A. E., Runyan, J. W., & Shorr, R. I. (1997) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb01472.x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
High Fructose Feeding Enhances Erythrocyte Carbonic Anhydrase 1 mRNA Levels in Rat
Gambhir, K. K., Oates, P. J., Verma, M., TEMAM, S., & Cheatham, W. W. (1997) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51831.x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Clinical effect of chromium supplements on human health
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Pathophysiology of Type-2 Diabetes
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Economics of diabetes—cost impactof not treating diabetes early and intensively
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Should Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients be Treated with Insulin?
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Manipulating the vascular biology of coronary atherosclerosis in diabetes: New opportunities
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- Authors
- Haffner, S. M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Haffner, Steven M
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 1996-03-01
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 275-277
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2080211915
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 4.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Angiopathies, Humans, Hyperinsulinism, Insulin Resistance, Prediabetic State, Risk Factors, Syndrome
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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