Cited by 488Diabetes Management and EducationMental Health Treatment and AccessDiabetes Management and Research

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Levels and Risks of Depression and Anxiety Symptomatology Among Diabetic Adults

Peyrot, Mark, Rubin, Richard R·1997·Diabetes Care

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine levels of depression and anxiety symptoms among adults with diabetes and identify factors associated with increased risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study administered self-report symptom inventories to patients at the beginning (n = 634) and end (n = 578) of an outpatient diabetes education program. Subjects (n = 246) contacted by mail 6 months later completed the same instruments. RESULTS: Rates of disturbance for depression (41.3%; 95% CI: 37.4–45.2%) and anxiety (49.2%; 95% CI: 45.3–53.1%) were higher than those typical in the general population (10–20%). Probability of disturbance ranged from 5–7% for those with the lowest risk profile to 82–92% for those with the highest risk profile. Diabetes-related complications were the only disease factor associated with significantly increased risk of disturbance. Women and those with less education were at much higher risk. Only 13% of those followed for 6 months were disturbed at all three time-points. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes is associated with increased risk of psychological disturbance, especially for those with more diabetes-related complications. Sociodemographic factors account for much of the risk differential among people with diabetes.

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Authors: Peyrot, M., & Rubin, R. R.
Affiliations: Johns Hopkins University (US)
ORCID: Peyrot, Mark
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 1997-04-01
Volume: 20
Issue: 4
Pages: 585-590
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/diacare.20.4.585
OpenAlex: W2095264320
Cited by: 488
References: 0
Citations by year: 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 23
FWCI: 5.15
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords: depression, anxiety, diabetes mellitus, psychological distress, diabetes complications, risk factors, sociodemographic factors, diabetes education, women, educational attainment
MeSH terms: Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Anxiety, Black or African American, Depression, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Education, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Education as Topic, Personality Inventory, Probability, Risk Factors, Sex Characteristics, Sex Factors, White People, Diabetes Complications

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Levels and Risks of Depression and Anxiety Symptomatology Among Diabetic Adults

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