Cited by 1,072Diabetes and associated disordersDiabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

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Incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes worldwide. Diabetes Mondiale (DiaMond) Project Group

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Karvonen, M, Viik-Kajander, M, Moltchanova, E, Libman, I, LaPorte, R, Tuomilehto, J·2000·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/diacare.23.10.1516

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and monitor the patterns in incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes worldwide. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The incidence of type 1 diabetes (per 100,000 per year) from 1990 to 1994 was determined in children < or =14 years of age from 100 centers in 50 countries. A total of 19,164 cases were diagnosed in study populations totaling 75.1 million children. The annual incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 population. RESULTS: The overall age-adjusted incidence of type 1 diabetes varied from 0.1/100,000 per year in China and Venezuela to 36.8/100,000 per year in Sardinia and 36.5/100,000 per year in Finland. This represents a >350-fold variation in the incidence among the 100 populations worldwide. The global pattern of variation in incidence was evaluated by arbitrarily grouping the populations with a very low (<1/100,000 per year), a low (1-4.99/100,000 per year), an intermediate (5-9.99/100,000 per year), a high (10-19.99/100,000 per year), and a very high (> or =20/100,000 per year) incidence. Of the European populations, 18 of 39 had an intermediate incidence, and the remainder had a high or very high incidence. A very high incidence (> or =20/ 100,000 per year) was found in Sardinia, Finland, Sweden, Norway Portugal, the U.K., Canada, and New Zealand. The lowest incidence (<1/100,000 per year) was found in the populations from China and South America. In most populations, the incidence increased with age and was the highest among children 10-14 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: The range of global variation in the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes is even larger than previously described. The earlier reported polar-equatorial gradient in the incidence does not seem to be as strong as previously assumed, but the variation seems to follow ethnic and racial distribution in the world population.

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Authors: Karvonen, M., Viik-Kajander, M., Moltchanova, E., Libman, I., LaPorte, R., & Tuomilehto, J.
Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland. marjatta.karvonen@ktl.fi
University of Pittsburgh (US)
ORCID: Moltchanova, E
Libman, I
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2000-10-01
Volume: 23
Issue: 10
Pages: 1516-1526
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/diacare.23.10.1516
OpenAlex: W2115209313
Cited by: 1,072
References: 22
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 66 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 65
FWCI: 15.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: World Health Organization
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords: type 1 diabetes, pediatric diabetes, incidence, global variation, racial and ethnic differences, age distribution, Sardinia, Finland, cross-national comparison
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Global Health, World Health Organization, Incidence, Age Distribution

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Incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes worldwide. Diabetes Mondiale (DiaMond) Project Group

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