The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Risk factors for development of neurologic disease after experimental exposure to equine herpesvirus-1 in horses.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors associated with development of clinical neurologic signs in horses exposed to equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1). ANIMALS: 36 adult horses. PROCEDURES: Blood samples collected before and after challenge inoculation with nonneuropathogenic or neuropathogenic EHV-1 were analyzed for leukocyte-associated viremia, serum neutralizing antibody, and EHV-1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors (CTLPs). Associations between variables and neurologic disease and correlations between age category or breed and development of neurologic disease were examined. RESULTS: 9 horses developed CNS signs (ataxia, hind limb paresis or paralysis, bladder atony, or recumbency). Neurologic deficits were correlated with infection by a neuropathogenic strain of EHV-1, age>20 years, high postexposure viremic load, and low preexposure concentration of CTLPs. No significant correlations were observed between preinfection titers or horse breed and postinfection development of neurologic signs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Horses with high concentrations of preexisting CTLPs, regardless of age, strain of virus, or titer, were more likely to control the magnitude of postinfection leukocyte-associated viremia and subsequent development of neurologic disease; therefore, CTLPs appear to be a critical requirement for protective immunity against EHV-1-induced myeloencephalopathy. The importance of achieving immunity related to high concentrations of vaccine-induced CTLPs in horses at high risk for exposure to neuropathogenic strains of EHV-1 is indicated.
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“Several risks factors, including the age (elder), breed (Standardbred), gender (female), season (late autumn, winter, spring), and type of EHV-1 strain (neurovirulent) have been associated with an increased risk to develop EHM (Goehring et al., 2006; Henninger et al., 2007; Allen, 2008; Perkins et al., 2009; Pusterla et al., 2016).”
From The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (2021) · cites this paper as Allen, 2008
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Outbreak of neurologic disease caused by equine Herpesvirus-1 at a University Equestrian Center.
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2 of the 25 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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Equine herpesvirus-1 consensus statement.
Lunn, D. P., Davis-Poynter, N., Flaminio, M. J. B. F., Horohov, D. W., Osterrieder, K., Pusterla, N., & Townsend, H. G. G. (2009) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0304.x · Cited by 308
“While viral factors are certain to be important, such as the DNApol SNP described below, host and environmental factors also have a critical role.(8,12) More is known about the pathogenesis of abortion than about EHM.”
BackgroundInfluentialMa, G., Azab, W., & Osterrieder, N. (2013) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.06.018 · Cited by 137
“In contrast to VN antibody, the frequency of MHC-Itricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors (CTLp) has n discussed as a correlate of clinical protection after -1 infection (Allen, 2008; Kydd et al., 2003).”
Perkins, G. A., Goodman, L. B., Tsujimura, K., de Walle, G. R. V., Kim, S. G., Dubovi, E. J., & Osterrieder, N. (2009) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.06.033 · Cited by 113
“…variables, EHV-1 specific cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte precursors in circulating blood are important for protection against high levels of viremia and the presumed consequence of high levels of viremias, the development of neurologic disease in an experimental EHV-1 model of infection (Allen, 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialControl of EHV-1 viremia and nasal shedding by commercial vaccines
Goehring, L. S., Wagner, B., Bigbie, R., Hussey, S. B., Rao, S., Morley, P. S., & Lunn, D. P. (2010) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.05.065 · Cited by 108
Case–Control Study of a Multistate Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy Outbreak
Traub‐Dargatz, J. L., Pelzel‐McCluskey, A. M., Creekmore, L. H., Geiser‐Novotny, S., Kasari, T. R., Wiedenheft, A. M., Bush, E. J., & Bjork, K. E. (2013) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/jvim.12051 · Cited by 83
Metadata
- Authors
- Allen, G. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Kentucky (US)
- Corresponding author
- Allen, George P.
- ORCID
- Allen, George P.
- Venue
- American Journal of Veterinary Research
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1595-1600
- ISSN
- 0002-9645 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2077063970
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Veterinary Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Equine › Veterinary Equine Medical Research
- Keywords
- equine herpesvirus 1, horses, risk factors, cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors, myeloencephalopathy, age, vaccine-induced immunity, neutralizing antibodies, challenge inoculation
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Herpesvirus 1, Equid, Female, Horse Diseases, Horses, Nervous System Diseases, Risk Factors, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic, Viremia
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