Effect of Client-Therapist Gender Match on the Therapeutic Relationship: An Exploratory Analysis

Bhati, Kuldhir S.

doi:10.2466/21.02.pr0.115c23z1

Cited by 80Psychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsCounseling Practices and SupervisionPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research

Effect of Client-Therapist Gender Match on the Therapeutic Relationship: An Exploratory Analysis

Bhati, Kuldhir S.·2014·Psychological Reports

DOI 10.2466/21.02.pr0.115c23z1

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Abstract

Matching clients and counselors on the basis of heuristics, such as gender, is common in clinical practice. Considerable research has examined the effect of gender matching on the therapeutic alliance with equivocal results. Researchers have offered various hypotheses to explain these findings without consensus. This study sought to examine gender matching in a naturalistic setting and proposed that gender matching varies in importance depending upon the stage of the therapeutic relationship. It was hypothesized that gender matching affects the therapeutic alliance initially and then becomes less important as other factors come into play. Results did not support the hypothesis but showed a general “female effect.” Across all stages of therapy, female clients matched with female therapists reported therapeutic alliance ratings higher than dyads with a male therapist. Dyads with a female therapist and male client also reported alliance higher than male gender matched dyads. Implications of these results, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

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Previous studies on patient-clinician racial/ethnic or gender concordance have shown mixed or inconclusive results.
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Additional file 1 of Enablers and barriers to post-discharge follow-up among women who have undergone a caesarean section: experiences from a prospective cohort in rural Rwanda
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Authors: Bhati, K. S.
Affiliations: University of Akron (US)
Corresponding author: Bhati, Kuldhir S.
Venue: Psychological Reports
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2014-10
Volume: 115
Issue: 2
Pages: 565-583
ISSN: 0033-2941 (ISSN-L)
1558-691X
DOI: 10.2466/21.02.pr0.115c23z1
OpenAlex: W1993081090
Cited by: 79
References: 57
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2
FWCI: 1.97
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychological Reports (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Counseling Practices and Supervision
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Keywords: gender matching, therapeutic relationship, treatment phases
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Professional-Patient Relations, Psychotherapy, Sex Factors, Mood Disorders, Young Adult

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Effect of Client-Therapist Gender Match on the Therapeutic Relationship: An Exploratory Analysis

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