A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-α IN POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER: EVIDENCE FROM HUMAN AND ANIMAL STUDIES
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BACKGROUND: Growing evidence suggests a pathophysiological role of cytokines in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a key cytokine. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to examine the findings regarding TNF-α derived from both animal and human studies of PTSD. METHODS: April 2017. Human studies that reported group comparisons and/or longitudinal investigations of TNF-α production/concentration were included. Research reporting on TNF-α levels in animal models of PTSD were also included. RESULTS: Twenty-seven articles were identified. Data from human cross-sectional studies suggests that plasma/serum levels of TNF-α are elevated in those with PTSD, as compared to healthy controls. Longitudinal assessments of TNF-α are limited and data are mixed. Limited data from animal studies suggest an increased TNF-α production in the hippocampus of rats following stress, which can be reversed by immunomodulatory drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest TNF-α may be a potential biomarker and treatment target for PTSD. Findings need to be considered in light of heterogeneous methods for measurement and analysis of TNF-α concentration. Longitudinal research is needed to understand the role of TNF-α in the development and/or maintenance of PTSD.
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Results of cytokine research which are partly contradicting and often difficult to interpret have also been obtained in post-traumatic stress disorder and eating disorders.
“Results of cytokine research which are partly contradicting and often difficult to interpret have also been obtained in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (34–36) and eating disorders (37).”
From Cytokine Research in Depression: Principles, Challenges, and Open Questions (2019) · cites this paper as [34]
Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha have also been found in PTSD studies, in patients with anorexia nervosa and in patients with acute relapse of schizophrenia.
“For example, elevated levels of TNF-α have also been found in PTSD studies (34), in patients with anorexia nervosa (37) and in patients with acute relapse of schizophrenia (31, 38).”
From Cytokine Research in Depression: Principles, Challenges, and Open Questions (2019) · cites this paper as [34]
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Cytokine Research in Depression: Principles, Challenges, and Open Questions
Himmerich, H., Patsalos, O., Lichtblau, N., Ibrahim, M. A. A., & Dalton, B. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00030 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Self-citationA meta-analysis of cytokine concentrations in eating disorders
Dalton, B., Bartholdy, S., Robinson, L., Solmi, M., Ibrahim, M. A. A., Breen, G., Schmidt, U., & Himmerich, H. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.06.002 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Department of Psychological Medicine, K. C. L., Hussein, S., Himmerich, H., Department of Psychiatry, P. A. P., Willmund, G. D., Department of Psychiatry, P. A. P., Ibrahim, M. A. A., Department of Immunological Medicine and Allergy, K. H. P., Dalton, B., & Department of Psychological Medicine, K. C. L.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Bundeswehrkrankenhaus (DE)
- Kings Health Partners (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Dalton, Bethan
- Venue
- Psychiatria Danubina
- Publisher
- Medicinska Naklada d.o.o.
- Published
- 2017-11-30
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 407-420
- ISSN
- 0353-5053 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2768441405
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 0.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- kclpure.kcl.ac.uk
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Psychiatria Danubina (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Zagreb University Computing Centre (SRCE) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- TNF-α, post-traumatic stress disorder, cytokines, biomarkers, animal model of PTSD, hippocampus, immunomodulators, plasma TNF-α levels
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cross-Sectional Studies, Disease Models, Animal, Hippocampus, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Biomarkers, Rats
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