Cited by 97Pregnancy and preeclampsia studiesHigh Altitude and HypoxiaNeurological Complications and Syndromes

High-altitude hypoxia and preeclampsia

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Zamudio, Stacy·2007·Frontiers in Bioscience

Abstract

The influence of hypoxia (lowered arterial blood and/or tissue PO2) on fetoplacental development and the role of hypoxia in preeclampsia are major research foci in perinatal biology. While animal and cell models are of utility, we do not know whether artificial hypoxic stimuli mimic the pathological conditions attributed to hypoxic stress in vivo; we cannot distinguish the effects of hypoxia from under- or overlying pathologies. High altitude (>2700 m) is the natural experiment we can use to distinguish pathology from adaptation in human pregnancy. The two best known impacts of high altitude on pregnancy outcome are reduced fetal growth and an increased incidence preeclampsia. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which altitude increases maternal risk for the development of preeclampsia. The review first considers the evidence that placental hypoxia is causally involved in the development of preeclampsia. It then focuses on how data from studies of pregnant women at high altitude support (or do not support) etiological models of preeclampsia. Considered are the theories that reduced uteroplacental blood flow, circulating factors of placental origin, placental oxidative stress and increased maternal vascular reactivity are etiological in preeclampsia. The data suggest that oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction have pathophysiological origins that are independent of placental hypoxia. We conclude that altitude shifts the individual risk for the development of preeclampsia because of impacts on multiple physiological systems, no one of which can be specifically pointed to as causal.

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  1. Zamudio S.: High altitude and hypertension in pregnancy. In: Ed: F. Lyall. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2006)

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Authors
Zamudio, S.
Affiliations
Rutgers New Jersey Medical School (US)
Corresponding author
Zamudio, Stacy
Venue
Frontiers in Bioscience
Publisher
IMR Press
Published
2007
Volume
12
Issue
8-12
Pages
2967
ISSN
  • 1093-4715 (ISSN-L)
  • 1093-9946
OpenAlex
W2093270454
Cited by
97
References
127
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
FWCI
1.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Frontiers in bioscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • American Heart Association
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-14985, P01HL014985)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD042737, HD 42737)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › High Altitude and Hypoxia
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Neurological Complications and Syndromes
Keywords
high-altitude hypoxia, preeclampsia, placental hypoxia, uteroplacental blood flow, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, fetal growth restriction, pregnancy outcomes, placental development
MeSH terms
Altitude Sickness, Blood Circulation, Female, Humans, Placenta, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy, Oxidative Stress

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