Involvement of cystatin C in pathophysiology of CNS diseases
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Cystatin C Leu68Gln variant is known to induce amyloid deposition in cerebral arterioles, resulting in Icelandic type cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Wild-type cystatin C is also observed in solitary CAA involving amyloid beta protein (Abeta), and accelerates the amyloidogenicity of Abeta in vitro. In neurological inflammatory diseases and leptomeningeal metastasis, low cystatin C levels are accompanied with high activities of cathepsins in the cerebrospinal fluid. Among the cells in CNS, astrocytes appear to secrete cystatin C in response to various proteases and cytokines. Co-localization of Abeta and cystatin C in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) led to the hypothesis that cystatin C is involved in the disease process. We demonstrated that cystatin C microinjection into rat hippocampus induced neuronal cell death in dentate gyrus. Furthermore, apoptotic cell death was observed in neuronal cells treated with cystatin C in vitro. Up-regulation of cystatin C was observed in glial cells with neuronal cell death in vivo. These findings indicate the involvement of cystatin C in the process of neuronal cell death.
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Cystatin C is predominantly produced by astrocytes in the central nervous system, with its cerebrospinal fluid concentration being quintuple that of the bloodstream.
“Cystatin C is predominantly produced by astrocytes in the central nervous system, with its cerebrospinal fluid concentration being quintuple that of the bloodstream (13,14).”
From Investigation of serum cystatin C levels and their diagnostic value in combination with inflammatory ratios in patients with bipolar disorder (2025) · cites this paper as [13]
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- Authors
- Nagai, A.
- Affiliations
- Shimane University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Nagai, Atsushi
- ORCID
- Nagai, Atsushi
- Venue
- Frontiers in Bioscience
- Publisher
- IMR Press
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- Volume
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 3470
- ISSN
- 1093-4715 (ISSN-L)
- 1093-9946
- DOI
- 10.2741/2941
- OpenAlex
- W1977390583
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Frontiers in bioscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Keywords
- cystatin C, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, amyloid-beta, Alzheimer's disease, neuronal cell death, apoptosis, cathepsins, cerebrospinal fluid, astrocytes, glial cells, hippocampus, leptomeningeal metastasis, neuroinflammation, amyloid deposition
- MeSH terms
- Amyloidosis, Central Nervous System Diseases, Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins, Humans, Inflammation, Genetic Variation, Cystatins, Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Cell Death, Amino Acid Substitution, Cystatin C
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