Cystatin C in aging and in Alzheimer’s disease

Mathews, Paul M.; Levy, Efrat

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.06.003

Cited by 134Protease and Inhibitor MechanismsAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Cystatin C in aging and in Alzheimer’s disease

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Mathews, Paul M., Levy, Efrat·2016·Ageing Research Reviews

DOI 10.1016/j.arr.2016.06.003PMC PMC5127725

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Abstract

Under normal conditions, the function of catalytically active proteases is regulated, in part, by their endogenous inhibitors, and any change in the synthesis and/or function of a protease or its endogenous inhibitors may result in inappropriate protease activity. Altered proteolysis as a result of an imbalance between active proteases and their endogenous inhibitors can occur during normal aging, and such changes have also been associated with multiple neuronal diseases, including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), rare heritable neurodegenerative disorders, ischemia, some forms of epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). One of the most extensively studied endogenous inhibitor is the cysteine-protease inhibitor cystatin C (CysC). Changes in the expression and secretion of CysC in the brain have been described in various neurological disorders and in animal models of neurodegeneration, underscoring a role for CysC in these conditions. In the brain, multiple in vitro and in vivo findings have demonstrated that CysC plays protective roles via pathways that depend upon the inhibition of endosomal-lysosomal pathway cysteine proteases, such as cathepsin B (Cat B), via the induction of cellular autophagy, via the induction of cell proliferation, or via the inhibition of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation. We review the data demonstrating the protective roles of CysC under conditions of neuronal challenge and the protective pathways induced by CysC under various conditions. Beyond highlighting the essential role that balanced proteolytic activity plays in supporting normal brain aging, these findings suggest that CysC is a therapeutic candidate that can potentially prevent brain damage and neurodegeneration.

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SPARC is down-regulated in MG (IBA1-positive cells) with aging.
“our scRNA-seq and others 24,27 ), and the aging-related down-regulation of SPARC in MG (IBA1-positive cells; indicated by arrows).”
From Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of the aging mouse brain (2019) · cites this paper as [24]

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Price DL Martin LJ Sisodia SS Walker LC Voytko ML Wagster MV Cork LC Koliatsos VE Terry RD Katzman R Blick KL The aged nonhuman primate. A model for the behavioral and brain abnormalities occurring in aged humans Alzheimer's disease 1994 New York Raven Press 231 245

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Self-citation

Authors: Mathews, P. M., & Levy, E.
Affiliations: Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (US)
Corresponding author: Levy, Efrat
ORCID: Mathews, Paul M.
Levy, Efrat
Venue: Ageing Research Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2016-12
Volume: 32
Pages: 38-50
ISSN: 1568-1637 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.06.003
PMC: PMC5127725
OpenAlex: W2432488913
Cited by: 133
References: 257
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1
FWCI: 1.15
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Ageing Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (AG017617, AG037693)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords: cystatin C, Alzheimer's disease, brain aging, cysteine protease inhibitors, cathepsin B, endolysosomal pathway, autophagy, amyloid-beta aggregation, neuroprotection, neurodegeneration
MeSH terms: Aging, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Autophagy, Brain, Humans, Nerve Degeneration, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Cystatin C, Protective Factors

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Cystatin C in aging and in Alzheimer’s disease

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