The DOI matches its Crossref record; 90 of the 90 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of learning skills interventions on student learning: a meta-analysis.
Abstract
The aim of this review is to identify features of study skills interventions that are likely to lead to success. Via a meta-analysis we examine 51 studies in which interventions aimed to enhance student learning by improving student use of either one or a combination of learning or study skills. Such interventions typically focused on task-related skills, self-management of learning, or affective components such as motivation and self-concept. Using the SOLO model ( Biggs & Collis, 1982 ), we categorized the interventions (a) into four hierarchical levels of structural complexity and (b) as either near or far in terms of transfer. The results support the notion of situated cognition, whereby it is recommended that training other than for simple mnemonic performance should be in context, use tasks within the same domain as the target content, and promote a high degree of learner activity and metacognitive awareness.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Study skill training programs produce beneficial effects in terms of academic performance and retention (Hattie et al., 1996; Gettinger and Seibert, 2002; Robbins et al., 2004; Wibrowski et al., 2017).”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Hattie et al., 1996
Citations
Cites
Situated Cognition and the Culture of Learning
Brown, J. S., Collins, A., & Duguid, P. (1989) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x018001032 · Cited by 13,645
From dissertation abstracts international
(1974) · ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics · doi:10.1145/988616.988619 · Cited by 12,208
Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry
Flavell, J. H. (1979) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.34.10.906 · Cited by 11,282 · cited 1×
“They again use a strong top-down approach, developing a model of intervention from the theories of Gagne (1980), Steinberg (1983), and metacognitive theorists such as Flavell (1979) and A. L. Brown (1978) together with a review of intervention studies.”
BackgroundWasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,377
Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance.
Pintrich, P. R., & De Groot, E. V. (1990) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.82.1.33 · Cited by 8,332
Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis.
Freeman, P. R., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1986) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531069 · Cited by 4,840
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory
Bourne, L. E. (1977) · Cited by 4,328
Sæverot, H. (2021) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003193463-8 · Cited by 3,090
The 2 Sigma Problem: The Search for Methods of Group Instruction as Effective as One-to-One Tutoring
BLOOM, B. S. (1984) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x013006004 · Cited by 2,734
Advances in Instructional Psychology
(2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315864341 · Cited by 2,538
Research works printed but not linked: 23
- *Amato JL, 1989, Canadian Journal of Educational Communication, 18, 85
- Biggs JB, 1987, Students’ approaches to learning and studying
- Biggs JB, 1982, Evaluating the quality of learning: The SOLO taxonomy
- 10.2307/1175554 · DOI · Paper page
- Brown AL, 1983, Handbook of child psychology: Cognitive development, 3, 77
- 10.2307/1176008 · DOI · Paper page
- Feuerstein R, 1969, The Instrumental Enrichment method: An outline of theory and technique
- *Feuerstein R, 1979, American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 83, 539
- Haller EP, 1988, Educational Researcher, 17, 5
- Hattie JA, 1987, International Journal of Educational Research, 11, 187
- Henk WA, 1985, National Reading Conference Yearbook, 34, 70
- Huang Z, 1992, Dissertation Abstracts International, 52, 3874A
- *Judd WA, 1979, Cognitive and affective learning strategies, 133
- *Kiewra KA, 1987, Journal of Instructional Psychology, 14, 186
- Klesius JP, 1990, Journal of Research and Development in Education, 23, 226
- *Kratzing, M, 1992, Learning management practice in the facilitation of learning
- *Nist SL, 1989, Journal of Reading, 33, 182
- *Purdie NM, 1989, The effect of motivation training on approaches to studying and self-concept in female secondary students
- Ramsden P, 1986, Human Learning, 5, 151
- *Rand Y, 1981, Frontiers of knowledge in mental retardation, 1, 141
- Sanders V, 1980, Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Western College Reading Association
- *Scruggs TE, 1986, Exceptional Children, 53, 153
- *Weinstein CE, 1979, Cognitive and affective learning strategies, 45
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 1,000
Challenges to Use Recommender Systems to Enhance Meta-Cognitive Functioning in Online Learners
Zhou, M., & Xu, Y. (2012) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-2455-9.ch099 · Cited by 5
Teachers’ Awareness And Practical Activities When Facilitating Learners’ Learning Skills
Saks, K. (2020) · European Proceedings of International Conference on Education and Educational Psychology · doi:10.15405/epiceepsy.20111.18 · Cited by 5
Creating Effective Learning Environments in Schools Globally
Zajda, J. (2021) · Globalisation, comparative education and policy research · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71575-5_1 · Cited by 5
Challenges to Use Recommender Systems to Enhance Meta-Cognitive Functioning in Online Learners
Zhou, M., & Xu, Y. (2011) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-61350-489-5.ch012 · Cited by 5
Student Success Skills: Tools and Strategies for Improved Academic and Social Outcomes
Webb, L. D., & Brigman, G. A. (2006) · Professional School Counseling · doi:10.1177/2156759x0601000215 · Cited by 5
Lau, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2022.948650 · Cited by 8
Dudek, C. M., Reddy, L. A., & Kettler, R. J. (2023) · Educational Assessment Evaluation and Accountability · doi:10.1007/s11092-023-09405-6 · Cited by 5
The impact of effective study strategy use in an introductory anatomy and physiology class
Firetto, C. M., Starrett, E., Montalbano, A. C., Yan, L., Penkrot, T. A., Kingsbury, J. S., & Hyatt, J. K. (2023) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2023.1161772 · Cited by 6
Effectiveness of Peer Tutoring in Elevating the Academic Performance of KUPTM Students
Azlan, N. A. N., Endut, M. E., Ibrahim, M. S., & Anuar, A. Z. A. (2020) · Jurnal Evolusi · doi:10.61688/jev.v1i2.19 · Cited by 5
Influence of Social Technical Factors on ICT Readiness for Primary Schools in Bungoma County, Kenya
Batoya, I. B., Wabwoba, F., & Kilwake, J. (2015) · Cited by 5
Dudek, C. M., Kettler, R. J., Reddy, L. A., & Kurz, A. (2018) · International Journal of Humanities and Social Science · doi:10.30845/ijhss.v8n10p2 · Cited by 5
Villeneuve, L., Leblanc, J., Ruph, F., & Lemieux, L. (2010) · Pédagogies en développement. Problématiques et recherches · doi:10.3917/dbu.rauce.2010.01.0155 · Cited by 5
Kampe, J. C. M., & Oppliger, D. (2020) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--21749 · Cited by 5
Influence of Study Skills on the Dropout Rate of Universities: Results from a Literature Study
Bas, N. D., Heininger, R., Utesch, M. C., & Krcmar, H. (2017) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73210-7_16 · Cited by 5
Taking Metacognition a Step Further: Teachers Sharing Pedagogical Purposesn
Mitchell, I., & Mitchell, J. (2011) · SensePublishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-6091-522-2_9 · Cited by 5
Constructing School Success in Literacy: The Pathway to College Entrance for Minority Students
Bean, T. W., & Valerio, P. C. (1997) · Reading Research Quarterly · doi:10.1598/rrq.32.3.6 · Cited by 5
Wellness education : an integrated theoretical framework for fostering transformative learning
Goss, H. B. (2011) · Faculty of Health; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation · Cited by 5
Kennedy, S. (2010) · Australasian Journal of Paramedicine · Cited by 5
Hale, J. B., Reddy, L. A., Wilcox, G., McLaughlin, A. E., Hain, L. A., Stern, A., Henzel, J. N., & Eusebio, E. (2009) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118269855.ch11 · Cited by 5
Increasing the metacognitive awareness of high school students
Mcfarland, M. F. (2013) · ThinkTech (Texas Tech University) · Cited by 4
Godfrey, T. K. (2014) · Trinity College Digital Repository (Trinity College, Hartford CT) · Cited by 5
Artino, A. R., Gavarkovs, A. G., Brydges, R., & Gruppen, L. D. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119839446.ch24 · Cited by 4
Granello, F., Cuder, A., Doz, E., Pellizzoni, S., & Passolunghi, M. C. (2025) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjep.70034 · Cited by 10
Crane, M. F., Scopano, L., Bergen, P. V., Wiggins, M. W., Gucciardi, D. F., Karin, E., Forbes, D., & Kangas, M. (2025) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968251412925 · Cited by 6
Wang, Y., Sperling, R. A., & Malcos, J. L. (2024) · Metacognition and Learning · doi:10.1007/s11409-024-09385-y · Cited by 9
Faith, L., & Pyle, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2020.618404 · Cited by 4
How to foster learning by limiting the response speed
Casadevante, C., Ortner, T. M., Romero, M., Hernández, J. M., & Santacreu, J. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01784-7 · Cited by 4
Rivers, M. L. (2023) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence11070147 · Cited by 5
Styles, I. M., Beltman, S., & Radloff, A. (2001) · The Australian journal of teacher education · doi:10.14221/ajte.2001v26n2.2 · Cited by 4
Math and Metacognition: Resolving the Paradox
Erickson, S., & Heit, E. (2013) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 4
Zheng, W., Skelton, G. W., Shih, H.-R., Leggette, E. J., & Pei, T. (2020) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--5222 · Cited by 4
Identification of Industry Needs and Development of Professional Skills in Students of Horticulture
Pearson, B. J., & Moore, K. (2017) · HortTechnology · doi:10.21273/horttech03677-17 · Cited by 4
Implementing Metacognitive Writing in a Large Enrollment Gateway Chemistry Class
Swamy, U., & Bartman, J. (2019) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2019-1330.ch003 · Cited by 4
Using Remote Delivery to Train Parents in Video Analysis Procedures
Morin, K. L., Vannest, K. J., Hong, E. R., Haas, A., Nagro, S. A., Ganz, J. B., & Lavadia, C. (2019) · Journal of Behavioral Education · doi:10.1007/s10864-019-09361-6 · Cited by 4
Chinese technology teacher challenges to infuse engineering design into technology education
Zhang, Y., Kelley, T. R., & Gu, J. (2020) · International Journal of Technology and Design Education · doi:10.1007/s10798-020-09624-8 · Cited by 4
Factors Affecting Computer Science Student's Academic Performance During Covid-19
Shaikh, M. K., & Shah, T. (2022) · Journal of Engineering Education/Journal of engineering education transformations/Journal of engineering education transformation · doi:10.16920/jeet/2022/v36i2/22160 · Cited by 4
Cudney, E. A., Anderson, S. G., Beane, R., Furterer, S. L., Mohandas, L., & Laux, C. M. (2023) · Quality Assurance in Education · doi:10.1108/qae-10-2022-0187 · Cited by 4
Effective Components of Parenting Programmes for Children’s Conduct Problems
Leijten, P. H. O. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108682053.005 · Cited by 4
Poulou, M. S., Reddy, L. A., & Dudek, C. M. (2021) · International Journal of School & Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/21683603.2020.1871454 · Cited by 5
Educator perceptions of a schoolwide writing intervention implementation: Implications for practice
Smith, H. H., Crim, C., & Bos, S. E. (2018) · Preventing School Failure Alternative Education for Children and Youth · doi:10.1080/1045988x.2018.1456401 · Cited by 4
Solo Based-Cognition Levels of Inductive Reasoning in Geometry
Gagani, R. F. M., & Misa, R. O. (2018) · Alberta Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.55016/ojs/ajer.v63i4.56331 · Cited by 4
MÁS DE UN SIGLO DE PSICOLOGÍA EDUCATIVA. VALORACIÓN GENERAL Y PERSPECTIVAS DE FUTURO
Llera, J. A. B., & Sánchez, L. F. P. (2011) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) · Cited by 4
Berger, J., Kipfer, N. M., & Büchel, F. P. (2013) · Nouveaux cahiers de la recherche en éducation · doi:10.7202/1018459ar · Cited by 4
When Learning and Change Collide:
White, J., Pinnegar, S., & Esplin, P. (2010) · The Journal of General Education · doi:10.5325//jgeneeduc.59.2.0124 · Cited by 4
HOW CAN A STUDENT’S DEPRESSIVE ATTITUDE INTERFERE WITH THE USE OF GOOD SELF-REGULATION SKILLS?
Moè, A., Cornoldi, C., Béni, R. D., & Veronese, L. (2005) · Advances in learning and behavioral disabilities · doi:10.1016/s0735-004x(04)17008-0 · Cited by 4
The Authenticity of Authentic Assessment: What the research says… Or doesn't say.
McAlister, B. (2000) · Cited by 4
김주영, Park, I., & 장재홍 (2017) · SECONDARY EDUCATION RESEARCH · doi:10.25152/ser.2017.65.4.731 · Cited by 4
Assessing and Reporting Non-Cognitive Skills: A Cross-Canada Survey
Merchant, S., Klinger, D. A., & Love, A. (2018) · Murdoch University Research Portal · Cited by 4
Un percorso formativo alla comprensione del testo matematico, dai 5 ai 14 anni
Trinchero, R., & Piacenza, S. (2020) · Didattica della matematica Dalla ricerca alle pratiche d’aula · doi:10.33683/ddm.20.7.3 · Cited by 3
Human Performance Technology: Research and Theory to Practice
Stolovitch, H. D. (2015) · Performance Improvement Journal · doi:10.1002/pfi.21468 · Cited by 5
Developmental Students Don't Know That They Don't Know Part I: Self-regulation
Young, D. B., & Ley, K. (2000) · Journal of College Reading and Learning · doi:10.1080/10790195.2000.10850101 · Cited by 4
Hoek, D. J. (1997) · Cited by 4
Facilitation of collaborative and contextual learning in an enterprise environment
Jäntti, L. (2003) · Aaltodoc (Aalto University) · Cited by 4
Exploring Metacognition in Primary School Classrooms
Branigan, H. (2019) · Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) · Cited by 4
Interventions to Do Real-World Good: Generalization and Persistence
Green, C. S. (2020) · Gothic.net · doi:10.1177/1529100620933847 · Cited by 5
Heeswijk, M. D. W.-V. (2023) · Springer texts in education · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-21011-2_4 · Cited by 3
The effects of Student Success Skills on attendance and emotion regulation
Villares, E., Bowers, H., Brigman, G. A., & Bottini, C. L. (2024) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/jcad.12503 · Cited by 4
Vosniadou, S., Stephenson, H., Lawson, M. J., & Jeffries, D. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15111512 · Cited by 3
DeVoe, P. H. (2011) · UNM’s Digital Repository (University of New Mexico) · Cited by 3
Realizing the Internet’s Educational Potential
Schofield, J. W. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-3803-7_12 · Cited by 3
Yi, H. S., Na, W., & Changmook, L. (2021) · Asia Pacific Journal of Education · doi:10.1080/02188791.2021.1963673 · Cited by 3
Students perception toward education environment factors that influence academic performance
Kamara, S. S., & Dadhabai, S. (2022) · International Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.53730/ijhs.v6ns2.5423 · Cited by 3
Reitenbach, V., Decristan, J., Rauch, D. P., Bertram, V., & Schneider, K. M. (2023) · Unterrichtswissenschaft · doi:10.1007/s42010-023-00171-4 · Cited by 3
DeSantis, W. J., Delcourt, M. A. B., Shore, B. M., & Greenwood, J. C. (2023) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci13060596 · Cited by 3
Herda, R. K., Widyastuti, I., Castro, M. C. S. A., & Damayanto, A. (2022) · TAMANSISWA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL IN EDUCATION AND SCIENCE · doi:10.30738/tijes.v4i1.13346 · Cited by 9
Selbstreguliertes Lernen fördern. Lernstrategien im Unterricht erfolgreich vermitteln
Lesperance, K., Holzmeier, Y., Munk, S., & Holzberger, D. (2023) · Waxmann Verlag GmbH eBooks · doi:10.31244/9783830998112 · Cited by 3
Educational action of comparison as a result of learning in primary school
Zemlyanskaya, E. N. (2024) · Science and School · doi:10.31862/1819-463x-2024-1-183-194 · Cited by 3
Constructing analogies: Developing critical thinking through a collaborative task
Kapetanakis, C., Conflitti, S., Abdo, S. N., Wright, L. K., & Newman, D. L. (2024) · Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education · doi:10.1002/bmb.21843 · Cited by 5
Choy, S. C., Yim, J. S.-C., & Tan, P. L. (2018) · SHS Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/shsconf/20185305004 · Cited by 4
Effect of Metacognitive Reading Strategies on Critical Thinking: A Mixed Methods Research
İncirkuş, F. A., & Beyreli, L. (2020) · TED EĞİTİM VE BİLİM · doi:10.15390/eb.2020.7857 · Cited by 3
STUDENTS PREPAREDNESS TOWARDS WRITING A BACHELOR THESIS; A SURVEY-BASED INVESTIGATION
Heimdal, A., Svennevig, P. R., & Norheim, T. (2021) · International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (EPDE) · doi:10.35199/epde.2021.76 · Cited by 3
Treviño, E., & Godoy, F. (2022) · Studies In Educational Evaluation · doi:10.1016/j.stueduc.2022.101177 · Cited by 4
Sprachbewusstheit in einem sprachenintegrativen Deutschunterricht
Wildemann, A., & Bien-Miller, L. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-39229-1_9 · Cited by 3
Ping, A. M. (2019) · Journal of Language Teaching and Learning · doi:10.66887/jltl.v2i2.98 · Cited by 3
Fostering effective studying and study planning with study questions
Wilhelm, P., & Pieters, J. M. (2007) · Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/02602930600801985 · Cited by 3
Training programs that facilitate lasting change in student academic behaviour
Hodge, B. (2014) · International Journal of Training Research · doi:10.1080/14480220.2014.11082042 · Cited by 3
Piscalho, I., & Simão, A. M. V. (2014) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) · doi:10.25755/int.4026 · Cited by 3
KIRAN, D. (2010) · Cited by 3
Guide for Peer Assisted Learning (PAL) Group Facilitators.
Arendale, D. R., & Lilly, M. P. (2014) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) · Cited by 3
Winfield, J., & Luyt, J. (2013) · South African Journal of Accounting Research · doi:10.1080/10291954.2013.11435169 · Cited by 3
Hermann, K. (2000) · Cited by 3
Framework for Evaluating Blended Learning in a University Public-Speaking Course in Singapore
Fang, L., Chow, S. H., & Soo, W. M. (2012) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-0939-6.ch010 · Cited by 3
Misu, L., Budayasa, I. K., & Lukito, A. (2018) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/974/1/012022 · Cited by 3
Akram, H. T. (2019) · International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences · doi:10.22161/ijels.4.3.9 · Cited by 3
The Four Rs: Guiding CTLs with Responsiveness, Relationships, Resources, and Research
Wright, M. C., Lohe, D. R., Pinder–Grover, T., & Ortquist‐Ahrens, L. (2018) · To improve the academy · doi:10.3998/tia.17063888.0037.206 · Cited by 3
Developing Metacognition: Leveraging a Spiral Curriculum to Enhance Strategy-Learning Programming
Brooks, M. (2022) · The Nebraska Educator · doi:10.32873/unl.dc.ne031 · Cited by 3
TEST DE CONDICIÓN FÍSICA: MODELO TRADICIONAL VERSUS MODELO DE EDUCACIÓN DEPORTIVA
Carriedo, A., Fernández‐Río, J., Mendez‐Giménez, A., & Estrada, J. A. C. (2022) · Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte · doi:10.15366/rimcafd2022.86.005 · Cited by 3
A Multiple case study of college first-year seminars
Reid, K. R. M. (2020) · Digital Scholarship - UNLV (University of Nevada Reno) · doi:10.34870/1374233 · Cited by 3
Creativity and the Cybernetics of Self: Drama, Embodied Creation and Feedback Processes
Davis, S. (2018) · Creativity theory and action in education · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-78928-6_11 · Cited by 3
Jung, J. H. (2011) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · Cited by 3
Falco, L. D. (2008) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · Cited by 3
Schukajlow, S. (2010) · Kobra (Universitätsbibliothek Kassel) · Cited by 3
Determining Predictors of Chemical Engineering Licensure ExaminationPreprint
Tamayo, A. M. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2510319 · Cited by 3
LEARN 2 LEARN: A Metacognitive Intervention for Middle School
Lopez, M. J. (2014) · Trinity College Digital Repository (Trinity College, Hartford CT) · Cited by 3
Reeves, T. D. (2009) · Dissertations & Theses @ SUNY Buffalo,ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global · Cited by 3
Locke, R.-A. (2010) · Griffith Research Online · doi:10.25904/1912/1094 · Cited by 3
A heuristic framework for the determination of the critical elements in authentic assessment
Ashford-Rowe, K. (2009) · Research Online (University of Wollongong) · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Hattie, J., Biggs, J., & Purdie, N.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro (US)
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Queensland University of Technology (AU)
- ORCID
- Hattie, John
- Venue
- Review of Educational Research
- Published
- 1996-06
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 99-136
- ISSN
- 0034-6543 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-1046
- OpenAlex
- W2097728333
- Cited by
- 1,106
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 54 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 50
- FWCI
- 4.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Review of Educational Research (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational Strategies and Epistemologies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational and Psychological Assessments
- Keywords
- learning skills, student learning, SOLO taxonomy, situated cognition, metacognitive awareness, learning self-management, motivation, self-concept, transfer of learning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review