The use of mini-CEX in UK foundation training six years following its introduction: Lessons still to be learned and the benefit of formal teaching regarding its utility
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The mini-clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX) is a widely used tool with a strong theoretical basis. It was introduced to UK foundation training in 2005. AIMS: To assess current experiences, opinions and attitudes towards mini-CEX amongst foundation doctors, and explore what factors underpin these. METHODS: Data were collected from foundation trainees via an on-line questionnaire. RESULTS: Ninety-eight per cent of respondents had used mini-CEX during FY1, however, only 32% had ever received formal teaching regarding its use. In terms of understanding of the purpose of mini-CEX, only 30% of trainees commented on there being a formative aspect or requirement for feedback. The majority of trainees did not feel that mini-CEX was a useful part of their training. The main themes were the poor attitude and understanding of assessors and difficulties finding sufficient time. However, those who had received formal teaching as students regarding the use of mini-CEX were significantly more likely as postgraduates to find it beneficial (p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS: A more concerted effort to educate trainees and assessors regarding the correct use of mini-CEX will enhance its educational value. Increased education during undergraduate training regarding use of formative assessment may lead to more effective utilisation in the postgraduate setting.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Lack of specificity has repeatedly been identified as an all-too-common weakness of feedback in medical training.
“Lack of specificity has repeatedly been identified as an all-too-common weakness of the feedback that is typically exchanged in medical training [29].”
From Guidelines: The do’s, don’ts and don’t knows of feedback for clinical education. (2015) · cites this paper as [29]
The quality of feedback improves after specific training of clinical faculty.
“It is encouraging that this need not be the case, and the quality of feedback improves after specific training of clinical faculty [29, 54, 55].”
From Guidelines: The do’s, don’ts and don’t knows of feedback for clinical education. (2015) · cites this paper as [29]
Historically, faculty development in feedback delivery has been the primary approach to improving the quality and effectiveness of feedback.
“Historically, faculty development in feedback delivery has been the primary approach to improving the quality and effectiveness of feedback [29, 73].”
From Guidelines: The do’s, don’ts and don’t knows of feedback for clinical education. (2015) · cites this paper as [29]
Cites
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203029053 · Cited by 23,658 · see citing works
Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/003465430298487 · Cited by 12,905 · see citing works
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2002) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203224342 · Cited by 4,944 · see citing works
The assessment of clinical skills/competence/performance
Miller, G. E. (1990) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-199009000-00045 · Cited by 4,883 · see citing works
Making sense of qualitative data
Coffey, A. J., & Atkinson, P. (1996) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,768 · see citing works
The Role of Assessment in a Learning Culture
Shepard, L. A. (2000) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x029007004 · Cited by 2,161 · see citing works
Methods to increase response to postal and electronic questionnaires
Edwards, P. J., Roberts, I., Clarke, M. J., DiGuiseppi, C., Wentz, R., Kwan, I., Cooper, R., Felix, L. M., & Pratap, S. (2009) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.mr000008.pub4 · Cited by 1,379 · see citing works
Workplace-based assessment as an educational tool: AMEE Guide No. 31
Norcini, J., & Burch, V. (2007) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/01421590701775453 · Cited by 984 · see citing works
Tools for Direct Observation and Assessment of Clinical Skills of Medical Trainees
Kogan, J. R., Holmboe, E. S., & Hauer, K. E. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1365 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
Introduction to Research Methods in Psychology
Howitt, D., & Cramer, D. (2005) · Cited by 530 · see citing works
The Mini-CEX (Clinical Evaluation Exercise): A Preliminary Investigation
Norcini, J. J., Blank, L. L., Arnold, G. K., & Kimball, H. R. (1995) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-123-10-199511150-00008 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Impact of workplace based assessment on doctors' education and performance: a systematic review
Miller, A. P., & Archer, J. C. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c5064 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
A Practical Guide for Medical Teachers
Dent, J. A., & Harden, R. M. (2001) · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Effects of Training in Direct Observation of Medical Residents' Clinical Competence
Holmboe, E. S., Hawkins, R. E., & Huot, S. J. (2004) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-140-11-200406010-00008 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Implementing workplace‐based assessment across the medical specialties in the United Kingdom
Wilkinson, J. R., Crossley, J. G. M., Wragg, A., Mills, P., Cowan, G., & Wade, W. (2008) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03010.x · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Workplace-based assessment as an educational tool
Norcini, J. J., Burch, V. C., & Gibbs, T. J. (2007) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 266 · see citing works
The rising cost of NIH-funded biomedical research?
Kennedy, T. J. (1990) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-199002000-00001 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Crossley, J., Johnson, G., Booth, J., & Wade, W. B. (2011) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03913.x · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Workplace-based assessment: effects of rater expertise
Govaerts, M., Schuwirth, L., van der Vleuten, C. P. M., & Muijtjens, A. M. M. (2010) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-010-9250-7 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Trainee doctors’ views on workplace-based assessments: Are they just a tick box exercise?
Bindal, T., Wall, D., & Goodyear, H. M. (2011) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.3109/0142159x.2011.558140 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
The process of feedback in workplace‐based assessment: organisation, delivery, continuity
Pelgrim, E. A. M., Kramer, A. W. M., Mokkink, H. G. A., & van der Vleuten, C. P. M. (2012) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2012.04266.x · Cited by 128 · see citing works
The Foundation Programme assessment tools: An opportunity to enhance feedback to trainees?
Carr, S. (2006) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.2005.042366 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
The use of mobile technology for work‐based assessment: the student experience
Coulby, C., Hennessey, S., Davies, N., & Fuller, R. (2009) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.01022.x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Hills, M. G., & Belson, W. A. (1988) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C (Applied Statistics) · doi:10.2307/2347500 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Nair, B., Alexander, H. G., McGrath, B. P., Parvathy, M. S., Kilsby, E. C., Wenzel, J., Frank, I. B., Pachev, G., & Page, G. G. (2008) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01951.x · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Fernando, N., Cleland, J., McKenzie, H., & Cassar, K. (2007) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02939.x · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Implementing the undergraduate mini‐CEX: a tailored approach at Southampton University
Hill, F. J., Kendall, K., Galbraith, K., & Crossley, J. (2009) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03275.x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Initial evaluation of the first year of the Foundation Assessment Programme
Davies, H. A., Archer, J. C., Southgate, L. J., & Norcini, J. J. (2008) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03249.x · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Enhancing Feedback to Students Using the Mini-CEX (Clinical Evaluation Exercise)
Hauer, K. E. (2000) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-200005000-00046 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Torre, D. M., SIMPSON, D. E., Elnicki, D. M., Sebastian, J. L., & Holmboe, E. S. (2007) · Teaching and Learning in Medicine · doi:10.1080/10401330701366622 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
McGill, D. A., van der Vleuten, C. P. M., & Clarke, M. J. (2011) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-011-9296-1 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Workplace‐based assessments of junior doctors: do scores predict training difficulties?
Mitchell, C., Bhat, S., Herbert, A., & Baker, P. (2011) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.04056.x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Morris, A., Hewitt, J., & Roberts, C. M. (2006) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.2005.040477 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Sudman, S., Belson, W. A., Converse, J. M., & Presser, S. (1988) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2070641 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Workplace-based assessment as an educational tool: Guide supplement 31.3 – Viewpoint
Saedon, H., Saedon, M., & Aggarwal, S. (2010) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.3109/01421590903548547 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Workplace-based assessment as an educational tool: Guide Supplement 31.4–Review
Bruce, D. (2010) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.3109/01421591003680636 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Guidelines: The do’s, don’ts and don’t knows of feedback for clinical education.
Lefroy, J., Watling, C., Teunissen, P. W., & Brand, P. (2015) · Perspectives on Medical Education · doi:10.1007/s40037-015-0231-7 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Seeing the ‘black box’ differently: assessor cognition from three research perspectives
Gingerich, A., Kogan, J. R., Yeates, P., Govaerts, M., & Holmboe, E. S. (2014) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/medu.12546 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
The impact of programmatic assessment on student learning: theory versus practice
Heeneman, S., Pool, A. O., Schuwirth, L., van der Vleuten, C. P. M., & Driessen, E. W. (2015) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/medu.12645 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Kogan, J. R., Hatala, R. A., Hauer, K. E., & Holmboe, E. S. (2017) · Perspectives on Medical Education · doi:10.1007/s40037-017-0376-7 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Massie, J., & Ali, J. M. (2016) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-015-9614-0 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Lörwald, A. C., Lahner, F.-M., Nouns, Z. M., Berendonk, C., Norcini, J., Greif, R., & Huwendiek, S. (2018) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198009 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Watling, C., LaDonna, K. A., Lingard, L., Voyer, S., & Hatala, R. A. (2016) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/medu.13062 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Making robust assessments of specialist trainees’ workplace performance
Weller, J. M., Castanelli, D. J., Chen, Y., & Jolly, B. C. (2016) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aew412 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Hejri, S. M., Jalili, M., Masoumi, R., Shirazi, M., Nedjat, S., & Norcini, J. J. (2019) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/0142159x.2019.1652732 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Lörwald, A. C., Lahner, F.-M., Mooser, B., Perrig, M., Widmer, M. K., Greif, R. T., & Huwendiek, S. (2018) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/0142159x.2018.1497784 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Factors influencing the educational impact of Mini-CEX and DOPS: A qualitative synthesis
Lörwald, A. C., Lahner, F.-M., Greif, R. T., Berendonk, C., Norcini, J. J., & Huwendiek, S. (2017) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/0142159x.2017.1408901 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Finessing Feedback: Recommendations for Effective Feedback in the Emergency Department
Buckley, C., Natesan, S. M., Breslin, A. W., & Gottlieb, M. A. (2019) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.05.016 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Society for Simulation in Healthcare Guidelines for Simulation Training
Stefanidis, D., Cook, D. A., Motamedi, M. K., Muret-Wagstaff, S. L., Calhoun, A. W., Lauridsen, K. G., Paige, J. T., Lockey, A. S., Donoghue, A. J., Hall, A. K., et al. (2024) · Simulation in Healthcare The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare · doi:10.1097/sih.0000000000000776 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Examining the educational impact of the mini-CEX: a randomised controlled study
Martinsen, S. S. S., Espeland, T., Berg, E. A. R., Samstad, E., Lillebo, B., & Slørdahl, T. S. (2021) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-021-02670-3 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Hejri, S. M., Jalili, M., Shirazi, M., Masoumi, R., Nedjat, S., & Norcini, J. J. (2017) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-017-0539-y · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Supervised learning events in the Foundation Programme: a UK-wide narrative interview study
Rees, C. E., Cleland, J., Dennis, A. A., Kelly, N. A. A., Mattick, K. L., & Monrouxe, L. V. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005980 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Joshi, M., Singh, T., & Badyal, D. K. (2017) · Journal of Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.4103/0022-3859.201411 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Patocka, C., Pandya, A., Brennan, E. E., Lacroix, L., Anderson, I. M., Ganshorn, H., & Hall, A. K. (2024) · Simulation in Healthcare The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare · doi:10.1097/sih.0000000000000764 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Rogausch, A., Beyeler, C., Montagne, S., Jucker-Kupper, P., Berendonk, C., Huwendiek, S., Gemperli, A., & Himmel, W. (2015) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-015-0490-3 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Electronic-clinical evaluation exercise (e-CEX): A new patient-centered EHR use tool
Alkureishi, M. A., Lee, W. W., Lyons, M., Wroblewski, K., Farnan, J. M., & Arora, V. M. (2017) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2017.10.005 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Bashir, K., Arshad, W., Azad, A. M., Alfalahi, S., Kodumayil, A., & Elmoheen, A. M. (2021) · Open Access Emergency Medicine · doi:10.2147/oaem.s321161 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Electives support autonomy and autonomous motivation in undergraduate medical education
Kusurkar, R. A., & Croiset, G. (2014) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.3109/0142159x.2014.940876 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Simulated patient-based teaching of medical students improves pre-anaesthetic assessment
Berger‐Estilita, J., Greif, R., Berendonk, C., Stricker, D., & Schnabel, K. (2020) · European Journal of Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/eja.0000000000001139 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Liang, Y., & Noble, L. (2020) · Medical Education Online · doi:10.1080/10872981.2020.1869393 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Impact of Simulation Training on Core Skill Competency of Undergraduate Medical Students
McCarrick, C. A., Moynihan, A., Khan, M. F., Lennon, F., Stokes, M. A., Donnelly, S. C., Heneghan, H., & Cahill, R. A. (2024) · Journal of surgical education · doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.06.006 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Introduction of mini‐clinical evaluation exercise in teaching dental radiology—A pilot study
Bock, A., Peters, F., Elvers, D., Wittenborn, J., Kniha, K., Gerressen, M., Hölzle, F., & Modabber, A. (2020) · European Journal Of Dental Education · doi:10.1111/eje.12558 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Zendejas, B., Toprak, A., Harrington, A. W., Lillehei, C. W., & Modi, B. P. (2020) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.10.014 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
What do surgeons and trainees think of WBAs and how do they use them?
Gaunt, A., Patel, A., Royle, J., Fallis, S., Almond, M., Mylvaganam, S., Rusius, V., Markham, D., & Pawlikowska, T. R. B. (2016) · Bulletin of The Royal College of Surgeons of England · doi:10.1308/rcsbull.2016.408 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Lewis, T., Sagmeister, M., Miller, G. W., Boissaud-Cooke, M. A., & Abrahams, P. (2016) · Clinical Anatomy · doi:10.1002/ca.22783 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Alomar, A. Z. (2022) · Advances in Medical Education and Practice · doi:10.2147/amep.s375693 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The validity and reliability of workplacebased assessments in surgical training
Phillips, A., & Ae, J. (2015) · Bulletin of The Royal College of Surgeons of England · doi:10.1308/147363515x14134529301147 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Wu, Y., Gong, M., Zhang, D., & Zhang, C. (2020) · Journal of International Medical Research · doi:10.1177/0300060520920052 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mini-clinical examination (mini-CEX) as a tool for formative assessment for surgical interns
Ramula, M., & Natarajan, A. (2018) · International Journal of Surgery Science · doi:10.33545/surgery.2018.v2.i4a.41 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Nesbitt, C. I., Phillips, A. W., Searle, R. F., & Stansby, G. P. (2015) · Journal of surgical education · doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2015.04.017 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Walsh, E. K., Foley, T., Sinnott, C., Boyle, S., & Smithson, W. H. (2017) · Education for Primary Care · doi:10.1080/14739879.2017.1280694 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Otolaryngology WBAs in the Wales Deanery: the first six years
Fishpool, S., Stew, B. T., & Roberts, C. (2014) · Bulletin of The Royal College of Surgeons of England · doi:10.1308/rcsbull.2014.96.5.164 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Training the assessors: A Mini-CEX workshop for GPs who assess undergraduate medical students
Foley, T., Walsh, E. K., Sweeney, C., James, M., Maher, B., & O’Flynn, S. (2015) · Education for Primary Care · doi:10.1080/14739879.2015.1101860 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Including children and young people in assessments: a practical guide
Green, L. M. C., Friend, A. J., Bardgett, R. J. M., & Darling, J. C. (2017) · Archives of Disease in Childhood Education & Practice · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2017-313368 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Oliphant, R., Drummond, R. J., Jackson, A., Ross, J., Blackhall, V., Ridley-Fink, E., Parcell, S., Renwick, A. A., & Club, O. B. O. T. R. V. J. (2014) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.3109/0142159x.2014.909922 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Evaluación de competencias clínicas en los contextos médicos curriculares actuales
Rebolledo, R. C. (2018) · Revista Salud Bosque · doi:10.18270/rsb.v8i1.2375 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Pilotstudie zum interprofessionellen Feedback in der pädiatrischen Weiterbildung
Christen, H. ‐., Kordonouri, O., Lange, K., & Berendonk, C. (2015) · Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde · doi:10.1007/s00112-015-3324-9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Abdulmajid, A. A., & Khalid, K. A. (2024) · Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences · doi:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_629_24 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Raikhel, A. V., Starks, H. E., Berger, G. N., & Redinger, J. W. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.63459 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Surgical learning activities for house officers: do they improve the surgical experience?
Maweni, R. M., Foley, R. W., Lupi, M., Shier, D., O’Connell, P. R., & Vig, S. (2016) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/s11845-016-1495-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
LeBeau, L., Morgan, C., Heath, D. M., & Pazdernik, V. (2019) · Journal of Osteopathic Medicine · doi:10.7556/jaoa.2019.013 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Factors that may improve paediatric workplace-based assessments: an exploratory study
Jefferies, K. (2022) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2022-323937 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mok, S. F., Tan, T. M. D., & Seow, C. J. (2023) · Singapore Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/singaporemedj.smj-2021-230 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Shah, M. I., Qayum, I., Bilal, N., & Ahmed, S. (2021) · The Professional Medical Journal · doi:10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.09.6120 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dolatabadi, A., Nandan, A., & Gandell, D. (2025) · Canadian Geriatrics Journal · doi:10.5770/cgj.28.848 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ali, F., Maaz, M., Sukhia, R. H., & Fida, M. (2024) · Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association · doi:10.47391/jpma.9749 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Practitioner research and formative assessment
Kirby, J. S., Baird, D. S., Burton, K., & Taylor, E. (2015) · The Clinical Teacher · doi:10.1111/tct.12346
Rees, C. E., & Dennis, A. A. (2014)
Pilotstudie zum llen Feedback in der pädiatrischen Weiterbildung
Koletzko, B. (2015)
Mowchun, J. J., Feldman, M. S., & Shoop, G. H. (2017) · MedEdPublish · doi:10.15694/mep.2017.000113
Evans, E., & Lambrinudi, C. (2018) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/0142159x.2018.1445831
Furqan, A., Gulzar, M. A., Nazar, B., Alam, M., Akhtar, R., & Ali, F. (2020) · The Professional Medical Journal · doi:10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.02.3452
'Can you watch me please?' An evaluation of supervised learning events for medical students
Desai, A., Green, J., Harrop, E. J., & Goodfellow, R. (2020) · The British Student Doctor Journal · doi:10.18573/bsdj.211
Reyes, C., Amenábar, F., Brea, A. C., Pacheco, M. J., & Marín, D. (2022) · Calidad en la educación · doi:10.31619/caledu.n56.1181
An Evaluation of the 2020 Change to the Saudi Emergency Residency Program Assessment
Alrashedi, I. S., & Farooq, D. (2023) · The Journal of Medicine Law & Public Health · doi:10.52609/jmlph.v3i1.64
Micro CEX vs Mini CEX: Less can be more
Ong, T. H., Ong, H. K., Chan, A., Samarasekera, D. D., & van der Vleuten, C. P. M. (2023) · The Asia Pacific Scholar · doi:10.29060/taps.2024-9-1/oa2947
Additional file 1 of Examining the educational impact of the mini-CEX: a randomised controlled study
Martinsen, S. S. S., Espeland, T., Berg, E. A. R., Samstad, E. O., Lillebo, B., & Slørdahl, T. S. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14462538
Menchetti, I., & Hall, A. K. (2026) · Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s43678-026-01114-5
Huang, X., Chen, M., Wang, J., Jin, X., Cai, X., Yang, G., Yang, W., & Huang, X. (2026) · Current Problems in Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.cpsurg.2026.102170
Abdouli, K., Bamadhaf, W., & Rajalingam, P. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10612322/v1
ENTrain: an online otolaryngology work based assessment tool
Wu, J., Care, R., & Stringer, A. (2026) · Australian Journal of Otolaryngology · doi:10.21037/ajo-2026-1-0014
- Authors
- Weston, P. S. J., & Smith, C. A.
- Affiliations
- St George's Hospital (GB)
- Charing Cross Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Weston, Philip S. J.
- Venue
- Medical Teacher
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-10-08
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 155-163
- ISSN
- 0142-159X (ISSN-L)
- 1466-187X
- OpenAlex
- W2125094810
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 7.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medical Teacher (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Innovations in Medical Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills
- Social Sciences › Education › Student Assessment and Feedback
- Keywords
- Mini-CEX, foundation training, formative assessment, trainee attitudes, feedback, undergraduate medical education, graduate medical education
- MeSH terms
- Clinical Competence, Education, Medical, Graduate, Educational Measurement, Feedback, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Confidence Intervals
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
