Cited by 149Vitamin D Research StudiesMigraine and Headache StudiesNutrition and Health Studies

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Vitamin D status in patients with musculoskeletal pain, fatigue and headache: A cross-sectional descriptive study in a multi-ethnic general practice in Norway

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Knutsen, Kirsten Valebjørg, Brekke, Mette, Gjelstad, Svein, Lagerløv, Per·2010·Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care

DOI 10.3109/02813432.2010.505407PMC PMC3442332

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate vitamin D levels in patients with non-specific musculoskeletal pain, headache, and fatigue. DESIGN: A cross-sectional descriptive study. SETTING: A health center in Oslo, Norway, with a multi-ethnic population. SUBJECTS: A total of 572 patients referred by a general practitioner (GP) for an examination of hypovitaminosis D who reported musculoskeletal pain, headache, or fatigue. The patients' native countries were: Norway (n = 249), Europe, America, and South-East Asia (n = 83), and the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia (n = 240). Both genders and all ages were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Vitamin D levels (25-hydroxyvitamin D) in nmol/L. RESULTS: Hypovitaminosis D (25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L) was found in 58% of patients. One-third of ethnic Norwegians had hypovitaminosis D, while 83% of patients from the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia had hypovitaminosis D with minimal seasonal variation of levels. One in two women from these countries had a vitamin D level below 25 nmol/L. Mean vitamin D level was lower in patients with headaches compared with patients with other symptoms. Some 15% of patients with low (< 50 nmol/L) vitamin D levels reported headaches, compared with 5% of those with normal vitamin D levels. CONCLUSION: Our study shows a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in patients with non-specific musculoskeletal pain, headache, or fatigue for whom the GP had suspected a low vitamin D level. Hypovitaminosis D was not restricted to immigrant patients. These results indicate that GPs should maintain awareness of hypovitaminosis D and refer patients who report headaches, fatigue, and musculoskeletal pain with minimal sun exposure and a low dietary vitamin D intake for assessment.

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Authors: Knutsen, K. V., Brekke, M., Gjelstad, S., & Lagerløv, P.
Affiliations: University of Oslo (NO)
Corresponding author: Knutsen, Kirsten Valebjørg
ORCID: Brekke, Mette
Venue: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2010-07-20
Volume: 28
Issue: 3
Pages: 166-171
ISSN: 0281-3432 (ISSN-L)
1502-7724
DOI: 10.3109/02813432.2010.505407
PMC: PMC3442332
OpenAlex: W1969969747
Cited by: 149
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 5.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Norske Legeforening
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Vitamin D Research Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Migraine and Headache Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
Keywords: vitamin D deficiency, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, headache, fatigue, immigrant health, ethnic differences, seasonal variation, vitamin D status assessment, general practitioner referral
MeSH terms: Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Fatigue, Female, Headache, Humans, Male, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Norway, Pain, Sunlight, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency

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Vitamin D status in patients with musculoskeletal pain, fatigue and headache: A cross-sectional descriptive study in a multi-ethnic general practice in Norway

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