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Vitamin D status in patients with musculoskeletal pain, fatigue and headache: A cross-sectional descriptive study in a multi-ethnic general practice in Norway
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate vitamin D levels in patients with non-specific musculoskeletal pain, headache, and fatigue. DESIGN: A cross-sectional descriptive study. SETTING: A health center in Oslo, Norway, with a multi-ethnic population. SUBJECTS: A total of 572 patients referred by a general practitioner (GP) for an examination of hypovitaminosis D who reported musculoskeletal pain, headache, or fatigue. The patients' native countries were: Norway (n = 249), Europe, America, and South-East Asia (n = 83), and the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia (n = 240). Both genders and all ages were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Vitamin D levels (25-hydroxyvitamin D) in nmol/L. RESULTS: Hypovitaminosis D (25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L) was found in 58% of patients. One-third of ethnic Norwegians had hypovitaminosis D, while 83% of patients from the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia had hypovitaminosis D with minimal seasonal variation of levels. One in two women from these countries had a vitamin D level below 25 nmol/L. Mean vitamin D level was lower in patients with headaches compared with patients with other symptoms. Some 15% of patients with low (< 50 nmol/L) vitamin D levels reported headaches, compared with 5% of those with normal vitamin D levels. CONCLUSION: Our study shows a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in patients with non-specific musculoskeletal pain, headache, or fatigue for whom the GP had suspected a low vitamin D level. Hypovitaminosis D was not restricted to immigrant patients. These results indicate that GPs should maintain awareness of hypovitaminosis D and refer patients who report headaches, fatigue, and musculoskeletal pain with minimal sun exposure and a low dietary vitamin D intake for assessment.
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“In the multi-ethnic cross-sectional study of 572 patients, hypovitaminosis D were reported among 58% of the patients with the lowest levels found in those complaining of headaches [72].”
From Novel Insights on Intake of Fish and Prevention of Sarcopenia: All Reasons for an Adequate Consumption (2020) · cites this paper as [72]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Knutsen, K. V., Brekke, M., Gjelstad, S., & Lagerløv, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Oslo (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Knutsen, Kirsten Valebjørg
- ORCID
- Brekke, Mette
- Venue
- Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2010-07-20
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 166-171
- ISSN
- 0281-3432 (ISSN-L)
- 1502-7724
- PMC
- PMC3442332
- OpenAlex
- W1969969747
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Norske Legeforening
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Migraine and Headache Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
- Keywords
- vitamin D deficiency, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, headache, fatigue, immigrant health, ethnic differences, seasonal variation, vitamin D status assessment, general practitioner referral
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Fatigue, Female, Headache, Humans, Male, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Norway, Pain, Sunlight, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency
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