Crucial Role of Vitamin D in the Musculoskeletal System
Open accessAbstract
Vitamin D is well known to exert multiple functions in bone biology, autoimmune diseases, cell growth, inflammation or neuromuscular and other immune functions. It is a fat-soluble vitamin present in many foods. It can be endogenously produced by ultraviolet rays from sunlight when the skin is exposed to initiate vitamin D synthesis. However, since vitamin D is biologically inert when obtained from sun exposure or diet, it must first be activated in human beings before functioning. The kidney and the liver play here a crucial role by hydroxylation of vitamin D to 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the liver and to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the kidney. In the past decades, it has been proven that vitamin D deficiency is involved in many diseases. Due to vitamin D’s central role in the musculoskeletal system and consequently the strong negative impact on bone health in cases of vitamin D deficiency, our aim was to underline its importance in bone physiology by summarizing recent findings on the correlation of vitamin D status and rickets, osteomalacia, osteopenia, primary and secondary osteoporosis as well as sarcopenia and musculoskeletal pain. While these diseases all positively correlate with a vitamin D deficiency, there is a great controversy regarding the appropriate vitamin D supplementation as both positive and negative effects on bone mineral density, musculoskeletal pain and incidence of falls are reported.
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Vitamin D is essential for bone metabolism, its deficiency increases the risk of fractures, and low levels of vitamin D are associated with increased risk of developing autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and cancer diseases.
“Vitamin D is essential for bone metabolism (its deficiency increases the risk of fractures) [65] and low levels of vitamin D are associated with the increased risk of developing autoimmune, neurogenerative, and cancer diseases [61].”
From Novel Insights on Intake of Fish and Prevention of Sarcopenia: All Reasons for an Adequate Consumption (2020) · cites this paper as [61]
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Vitamin D, Muscle Recovery, Sarcopenia, Cachexia, and Muscle Atrophy
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- Authors
- Wintermeyer, E., Ihle, C., Ehnert, S., Stöckle, U., Ochs, G., De Zwart, P., Flesch, I., Bahrs, C., & Nussler, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Tübingen (DE)
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, BG Trauma Center, Siegfried Weller Institut, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
- Corresponding author
- Nussler, Andreas
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2016-06-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 319
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4924160
- OpenAlex
- W2416242818
- Cited by
- 216
- References
- 139
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 3.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Keywords
- vitamin D, musculoskeletal system, vitamin D deficiency, bone health, rickets, osteomalacia, osteopenia, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, musculoskeletal pain, vitamin D supplementation, bone mineral density, falls, vitamin D hydroxylation, sun exposure
- MeSH terms
- Bone Diseases, Humans, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Dietary Supplements, Musculoskeletal Pain
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