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Cited by 94Thyroid Disorders and TreatmentsDigestive system and related healthThyroid and Parathyroid Surgery

Thyroid hormone and the gut

Hays, Marguerite T.·1988·Endocrine Research
DOI 10.3109/07435808809032986
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Abstract

The gastrointestinal tract interacts actively with the thyroid hormones, T4 and T3. Both T4 and T3 are absorbed well but incompletely from the gut, and many factors affect this absorption. The mechanism of absorption is unknown. It is decreased in most malabsorption conditions, but is increased in the postgastrojejunotomy syndrome. It may involve conjugation to the glucuronide forms (T4G and T3G) in the mucosal cell with subsequent deconjugation prior to appearance in the portal vein blood. Absorption appears to be reduced in the presence of excess T4, and increased in hypothyroidism. The liver takes up a large fraction of the T4 and T3 from its circulation and returns a portion of the portal hormone back to the gut via the bile. There is also direct T4 and T3 secretion into the gut from the mesenteric circulation. Recent studies suggest that the gut plays a major role as a reservoir for the thyroid hormones, especially for T3, and that it may also play a role in the regulation of hormone activity.

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Crossref · 10.3109/07435808809032986

Cites

5 of 5 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • In humans, the jejuno-ileal tract is the main site of oral thyroxine absorption.

    “In humans, the jejuno-ileal tract is the main site of oral thyroxine absorption while duodenum absorbs a few parts, but nothing has been reported to be absorbed in the large bowel unlike in the rats (Hays, 1988; Hays, 1991).”

    From Thyroid disorders and gastrointestinal dysmotility: an old association (2024) · cites this paper as Hays, 1988

  • Absorption of oral thyroxine in the stomach has been ruled out based on the lag time between its appearance in plasma and its ingestion.

    “Besides, absorption in the stomach has also been ruled out due to the lag time between appearance of thyroxine in the plasma and its ingestion (Hays, 1988).”

    From Thyroid disorders and gastrointestinal dysmotility: an old association (2024) · cites this paper as Hays, 1988

  • In humans, no oral thyroxine absorption has been reported in the large bowel, unlike in rats.

    “In humans, the jejuno-ileal tract is the main site of oral thyroxine absorption while duodenum absorbs a few parts, but nothing has been reported to be absorbed in the large bowel unlike in the rats (Hays, 1988; Hays, 1991).”

    From Thyroid disorders and gastrointestinal dysmotility: an old association (2024) · cites this paper as Hays, 1988

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Authors
Hays, M. T.
Affiliations
United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
Corresponding author
Hays, Marguerite T.
Venue
Endocrine Research
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
1988-01
Volume
14
Issue
2-3
Pages
203-224
ISSN
  • 0743-5800 (ISSN-L)
  • 1532-4206
DOI
10.3109/07435808809032986
OpenAlex
W2122982573
Cited by
94
References
5
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
FWCI
0.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Endocrine Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Digestive system and related health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Keywords
thyroid hormones, gastrointestinal absorption, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, glucuronidation, hypothyroidism, malabsorption, bile, mesenteric blood flow
MeSH terms
Animals, Biological Availability, Digestive System Physiological Phenomena, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Humans, Intestinal Absorption, Thyroid Diseases, Thyroid Hormones, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine

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