Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in adult psychiatry. A 20-year register study
Abstract
Objective Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are increasingly recognized in adults. This study aimed to assess trends in diagnostic practice, diagnostic delay and comorbidity regarding ADHD and ASD in adult psychiatric patients. Methods Individuals with diagnosed ADHD or ASD were identified in an adult psychiatry register comprising 56,462 patients. Results ADHD was diagnosed in up to 2.7% and ASD in 1.3% of the patients. Most cases were diagnosed within 2 years of first contact with adult psychiatry, but some patients were treated for 10 years or more before being diagnosed with ADHD or ASD. Seventy per cent of ADHD and 56% of ASD patients were treated as outpatients only. Other psychiatric diagnoses were registered in about 60%. Affective disorders were common in patients with ADHD. Psychoses and intellectual disability were more common in ASD patients. Psychoactive substance use-related disorders were considerably more common in those with ADHD. Concomitant ADHD and ASD were seldom diagnosed in this clinical material. Conclusion ADHD and ASD were probably much underdiagnosed in the studied group of psychiatric patients. Other psychiatric diagnoses were common, but not ADHD with concomitant ASD.
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The percentage of new adult autism diagnoses at the Swedish hospital increased sharply in 1998 and continued to increase gradually.
“The percentage of new adult autism diagnoses at the Swedish hospital increased sharply in 1998 and continued to increase gradually (Nylander et al., 2013).”
From Diagnosis of autism in adulthood: A scoping review (2020) · cites this paper as Nylander et al., 2013
The implementation of DSM-IV after 1994 has been reflected in increased first-time adult diagnoses.
“The implementation of DSM-IV after 1994 has also been reflected in increased first-time adult diagnoses (Nylander et al., 2013).”
From Diagnosis of autism in adulthood: A scoping review (2020) · cites this paper as Nylander et al., 2013
Research in adult autism diagnosis expanded alongside increased autism awareness and prevalence statistics, with a growing number of studies that encompass diverse methodologies and areas of interest.
“Research in adult autism diagnosis expanded alongside increased autism awareness and prevalence statistics (Lyall et al., 2017; Nylander et al., 2013), with a growing number of studies that encompass diverse methodologies and areas of interest.”
From Diagnosis of autism in adulthood: A scoping review (2020) · cites this paper as Nylander et al., 2013
There were 3.6 years between first contact and diagnosis.
“3.6 years between first contact and diagnosis.”
From Diagnosis of autism in adulthood: A scoping review (2020) · cites this paper as Nylander et al. (2013)
Mean age of autism diagnosis was 30.7 years.
“Mean age of autism diagnosis 30.7 years”
From Diagnosis of autism in adulthood: A scoping review (2020) · cites this paper as Nylander et al. (2013)
Number of new diagnoses peaked in 2000.
“Number of new diagnoses peaked in 2000.”
From Diagnosis of autism in adulthood: A scoping review (2020) · cites this paper as Nylander et al. (2013)
Most common co-occurring diagnoses were psychotic, mood and anxiety disorders.
“Most common co-occurring diagnoses were psychotic, mood and anxiety disorders.”
From Diagnosis of autism in adulthood: A scoping review (2020) · cites this paper as Nylander et al. (2013)
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RetractedToshishige, Y., Kondo, M., Watanabe, T., Yamada, A., Hashimoto, H., Okazaki, J., Tokuyama, N., Kuwabara, J., Mizushima, H., & Akechi, T. (2023) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports · doi:10.1002/pcn5.95 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Two validation studies of a performance validity test for autistic adults
Scheeren, A. M., Dubbelink, L. O., Lever, A. G., & Geurts, H. M. (2024) · Applied Neuropsychology Adult · doi:10.1080/23279095.2024.2305206 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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BUSA ett nationellt kvalitetsregister över ADHD och dess behandling
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Exploring the Needs of Autistic Seniors
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Two validation studies of a performance validity test for autistic adultsPreprint
Scheeren, A. M., Dubbelink, L. O., Lever, A. G., & Geurts, H. M. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/9eav8
Transtornos do espectro autista e comportamento delituoso
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Adhd Symptoms are Common and Associated with Worse Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 1 DiabetesPreprint
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- Authors
- Nylander, L., Holmqvist, M., Gustafson, L., & Gillberg, C.
- Affiliations
- Lund University (SE)
- Skåne University Hospital (SE)
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Nylander, Lena
- Venue
- Nordic Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2012-12-12
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 344-350
- ISSN
- 0029-1455 (ISSN-L)
- 0803-9488
- 1502-4725
- OpenAlex
- W2063331199
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 2.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nordic Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, adult psychiatry, delayed diagnosis, underdiagnosis, comorbidities, mood disorders, psychosis, intellectual disability, substance use disorders, outpatient care, psychiatric diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Mental Disorders, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Registries, Sweden, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Young Adult, Delayed Diagnosis
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