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Cited by 782LGBTQ Health, Identity, and PolicyGender and Feminist StudiesGender Roles and Identity Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Non-binary or genderqueer genders

Open access
Richards, Christina, Bouman, Walter Pierre, Seal, Leighton, Barker, Meg John, Nieder, Timo O., T’Sjoen, Guy·2016·International Review of Psychiatry
DOI 10.3109/09540261.2015.1106446
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Abstract

Some people have a gender which is neither male nor female and may identify as both male and female at one time, as different genders at different times, as no gender at all, or dispute the very idea of only two genders. The umbrella terms for such genders are 'genderqueer' or 'non-binary' genders. Such gender identities outside of the binary of female and male are increasingly being recognized in legal, medical and psychological systems and diagnostic classifications in line with the emerging presence and advocacy of these groups of people. Population-based studies show a small percentage--but a sizable proportion in terms of raw numbers--of people who identify as non-binary. While such genders have been extant historically and globally, they remain marginalized, and as such--while not being disorders or pathological in themselves--people with such genders remain at risk of victimization and of minority or marginalization stress as a result of discrimination. This paper therefore reviews the limited literature on this field and considers ways in which (mental) health professionals may assist the people with genderqueer and non-binary gender identities and/or expressions they may see in their practice. Treatment options and associated risks are discussed.

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Show all 47 references

Research works printed but not linked: 11

  1. American Psychiatric Association (APA)., 2000, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 4-TR
  2. Barker M., 2012, The bisexuality report
  3. Connell R., 2005, Masculinities
  4. Council of Europe., 2015, Discrimination against transgender people in Europe, Resolution 2048
  5. de Vries A.L.C., 2015, Transgender healthcare in Europe. Book of abstracts, 10
  6. Engel A., 2002, Against unambiguousness: Sex and gender in the focus of queer representation politics
  7. Harper C., 2007, Intersex
  8. Herdt G., 1996, Third sex third gender
  9. METRO Youth Chances., 2014, Youth Chances summary of first findings: The experiences of LGBTQ young people in England
  10. Monro S., 2010, Transgender identities. Towards a social analysis of gender diversity, 242
  11. Nieder T.O., 2014, Sex and Gender: Perspectives from psychosocial, cultural and sex sciences, 167

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Metadata

Authors
Richards, C., Bouman, W. P., Seal, L., Barker, M. J., Nieder, T. O., & T’Sjoen, G.
Affiliations
  • Charing Cross Hospital (GB)
  • The Open University (GB)
  • University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
Corresponding author
Richards, Christina
ORCID
Venue
International Review of Psychiatry
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2016-01-02
Volume
28
Issue
1
Pages
95-102
ISSN
  • 0954-0261 (ISSN-L)
  • 1369-1627
DOI
10.3109/09540261.2015.1106446
OpenAlex
W2233865108
Cited by
782
References
47
Citations by year
2026: 36 · 2025: 76 · 2024: 86 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 90 · 2021: 116 · 2020: 88 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 7
FWCI
11.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
other-oa
Locations
  • International Review of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Open Research Online - ORO (The Open University) (acceptedVersion)
  • Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
Keywords
non-binary gender, genderqueer, gender identity, gender expression, gender binary, marginalization, discrimination, victimization, minority stress, mental health professionals, treatment options, diagnostic classification
MeSH terms
Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Male, Sexual Behavior, Transsexualism, Homosexuality, Male, Homosexuality, Female, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Transgender Persons

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