Effect of primary ovarian insufficiency and early natural menopause on mortality: a meta-analysis
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to systematically evaluate the associations of all-cause, cardiovascular and all-cancer mortality with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) and early natural menopause (ENM). METHODS: Electronic databases for relevant studies were searched up to February 28, 2015. POI and ENM were usually defined as spontaneous menopause before age 40 years and at age 40-44 years, respectively. RESULTS: A total of nine articles were derived from seven prospective cohort studies. In all studies, age of menopause was self-reported. Our meta-analysis showed that POI women had a higher risk of death from all causes (pooled relative risk (RR) 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-1.77) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) (pooled RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.02-2.16) when compared with women at normal age at natural menopause (ANM). No significant association was detected from stroke and all-cancer mortality between POI women and normal ANM women. Only a slightly higher risk of death from IHD (pooled RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.00-1.18) was found when ENM women were compared with normal ANM women. CONCLUSION: The results of our study demonstrated that POI was associated with a higher risk of IHD and all-cause mortality; ENM was only associated with a slightly higher risk of IHD mortality.
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Early (aged <45) natural menopause is associated with risk of mortality as a result of ischaemic heart disease.
“Early (aged <45) natural menopause was not associated with a risk of mortality from composite cardiovascular disease or stroke, but was associated with a risk of mortality as a result of ischaemic heart disease.59”
From Association between the reproductive health of young women and cardiovascular disease in later life: umbrella review (2020) · cites this paper as [59]
Early (aged <45) natural menopause is not associated with risk of mortality from stroke.
“Early (aged <45) natural menopause was not associated with a risk of mortality from composite cardiovascular disease or stroke, but was associated with a risk of mortality as a result of ischaemic heart disease.59”
From Association between the reproductive health of young women and cardiovascular disease in later life: umbrella review (2020) · cites this paper as [59]
The findings on early menopause are not reflected in an association with mortality from composite cardiovascular disease.
“These findings were also reflected in the association with mortality risk from ischaemic heart disease, but not mortality from stroke or composite cardiovascular disease.59”
From Association between the reproductive health of young women and cardiovascular disease in later life: umbrella review (2020) · cites this paper as [59]
The findings on early menopause are not reflected in an association with mortality from stroke.
“These findings were also reflected in the association with mortality risk from ischaemic heart disease, but not mortality from stroke or composite cardiovascular disease.59”
From Association between the reproductive health of young women and cardiovascular disease in later life: umbrella review (2020) · cites this paper as [59]
The findings on early menopause are reflected in an association with mortality risk from ischaemic heart disease.
“These findings were also reflected in the association with mortality risk from ischaemic heart disease, but not mortality from stroke or composite cardiovascular disease.59”
From Association between the reproductive health of young women and cardiovascular disease in later life: umbrella review (2020) · cites this paper as [59]
Early (aged <45) natural menopause is not associated with risk of mortality from composite cardiovascular disease.
“Early (aged <45) natural menopause was not associated with a risk of mortality from composite cardiovascular disease or stroke, but was associated with a risk of mortality as a result of ischaemic heart disease.59”
From Association between the reproductive health of young women and cardiovascular disease in later life: umbrella review (2020) · cites this paper as [59]
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- Authors
- Tao, X.-Y., Zuo, A.-Z., Wang, J.-Q., & Tao, F.-B.
- Affiliations
- Anhui Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Tao, F-B.
- ORCID
- Wang, J-Q.
- Venue
- Climacteric
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-11-17
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 27-36
- ISSN
- 1369-7137 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-0804
- OpenAlex
- W2176286698
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 1.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Climacteric (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Keywords
- primary ovarian insufficiency, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, ischemic heart disease, stroke, cancer mortality, premature menopause, age at menopause
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Menopause, Premature, Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Primary Ovarian Insufficiency, Myocardial Ischemia, Age of Onset, Stroke, Self Report
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