Premature ovarian insufficiency: an international menopause society white paper
Abstract
The aim of this International Menopause Society White Paper on premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is to provide the latest information regarding this distressing condition. The impact of POI has far-reaching consequences due to its impact on general, psychological, and sexual quality of life, fertility prospects, and long-term bone, cardiovascular, and cognitive health. Progress in fully understanding the etiology, diagnosis, and optimal management options has been slow thus far due to the complexity of the condition and fragmented research. Recent advances in epidemiological and genetic research have improved our understanding of this condition and randomized prospective trials are being planned to determine the intervention strategies, which will optimize quality of life and long-term well-being. The International Menopause Society has commissioned a number of experts at the forefront of their specialty to define the state of the art in the understanding of this condition, to advise on practical management strategies, and to propose future research strategies. It is hoped that a global task force will subsequently be convened in order to formulate a consensus statement across key societies, to accelerate date collection and analysis of a global POI registry, and to facilitate progress in the key defined areas of research.
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In postmenopausal women, micronized progesterone at these doses seems to be devoid of adverse effects on blood pressure, lipid profile, breast cancer risk, and thrombotic risk.
“In postmenopausal women, this dose seems to be devoid of adverse effects on BP, lipid profile, breast cancer risk, and thrombotic risk.”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [300]
Micronized progesterone confers adequate endometrial protection when administered as part of a cyclic combined regimen (200 mg daily for 12 days each month) or as a continuous combined regimen of 100 mg per day.
“Micronized progesterone confers adequate endometrial protection when administered as part of a cyclic combined regimen (200 mg daily for 12 days each month) or as a continuous combined regimen of 100 mg per day.”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [300]
Progesterone can be administered vaginally and exerts good endometrial protective effects at low serum concentrations, although there is limited evidence assessing the efficacy and optimal regimen.
“Progesterone can be administered vaginally and exerts good endometrial protective effects at low serum concentrations, although there is limited evidence assessing the efficacy and optimal regimen.”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [300]
Higher estrogen doses are particularly important for achieving maximal uterine growth and development as options for fertility treatment increase.
“This is particularly important for achieving maximal uterine growth and development as options for fertility treatment increase.”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [300]
Many young women with Turner syndrome benefit from a higher dose of estrogen than their older peers, exceeding 2 mg E2 orally or 50 mcg transdermally.
“Many young women with TS benefit from a higher dose of estrogen than their older peers, that is, exceeding 2 mg E2 orally or 50 mcg TD.”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [300]
Dosing schedules are clear for micronized progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate but there is a lack of evidence for other progestins.
“Dosing schedules are clear for micronized progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate300 but there is a lack of evidence for other progestins.”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [300]
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The 2022 hormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society
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- Authors
- Panay, N., Anderson, R. A., Nappi, R. E., Vincent, A. J., Vujovic, S., Webber, L., & Wolfman, W.
- Affiliations
- Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital (GB)
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health (GB)
- University of Pavia (IT)
- Monash Health (AU)
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (GB)
- Mount Sinai Hospital (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Panay, N.
- Venue
- Climacteric
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2020-09-02
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 426-446
- ISSN
- 1369-7137 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-0804
- OpenAlex
- W3083923772
- Semantic Scholar
- 24591b106772c62a63e1b36025891d14e3f64a22
- Cited by
- 297
- References
- 174
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 59 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 31.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Climacteric (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Keywords
- premature ovarian insufficiency, quality of life, fertility, bone health, cardiovascular health, cognitive health, etiology, diagnosis, management strategies, genetic research, consensus statement
- MeSH terms
- Female, Gynecology, Humans, Menopause, Societies, Medical, Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
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