Safe but lonely? Loneliness, mental health symptoms and COVID-19
Open accessAbstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led governments worldwide to implement unprecedented response strategies. While crucial to limiting the spread of the virus, “social distancing” may lead to severe psychological consequences, especially in lonely individuals. We used cross-sectional (n=380) and longitudinal (n=74) designs to investigate the links between loneliness, mental health symptoms (MHS) and COVID-19 risk perception and affective response in young adults who implemented social distancing during the first two weeks of the state of epidemic threat in Poland. Loneliness was correlated with MHS and with affective response to COVID-19’s threat to health. However, increased worry about the social isolation and heightened risk perception for financial problems was observed in lonelier individuals. The cross-lagged influence of the initial affective response to COVID-19 on subsequent levels of loneliness was also found. Thus, the reciprocal connections between loneliness and COVID-19 response may be of crucial importance for MHS during COVID-19 crisis.
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The Polish version of the GAD-7 has recently been used in various studies to assess anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland.
“The Polish version of the GAD-7 has not been validated yet but has recently been used in various studies to assess anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland and shown high internal consistency [59–61].”
The Polish version of the GAD-7 has shown high internal consistency.
“The Polish version of the GAD-7 has not been validated yet but has recently been used in various studies to assess anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland and shown high internal consistency [59–61].”
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- Authors
- Okruszek, Ł., Aniszewska-Stańczuk, A., Piejka, A., Wiśniewska, M., & Żurek, K.
- Publisher
- Center for Open Science
- Published
- 2020-04-10
- OpenAlex
- W3163345916
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 28
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- loneliness, psychiatric symptoms, COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing, risk perception, emotional responses, social isolation, financial worry, young adults, reciprocal effects
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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