The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Primary Elections and Candidate Ideology: Out of Step with the Primary Electorate?
Abstract
This article draws on a new dataset of House primary‐ and general‐election outcomes (1956–98) to examine the relationship between primary elections and candidate ideology. We show that, like presidential candidates, congressional candidates face a strategic‐positioning dilemma: should they align themselves with their general‐ or primary‐election constituencies? Relative to general‐election voters, primary voters favor more ideologically extreme candidates. We show that congressional candidates handle the dilemma by positioning themselves closer to the primary electorate. This article thus supports the idea that primaries pull candidates away from median district preferences.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
An Economic Theory of Democracy.
Banfield, E. C., & Downs, A. (1958) · Midwest Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2109186 · Cited by 18,594
Why Parties?: The Origin and Transformation of Political Parties in America
Aldrich, J. H. (1995) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226012773.001.0001 · Cited by 2,372
The Politics of Congressional Elections
Jacobson, G. C. (1983) · Cited by 1,695
Home Style: House Members in Their Districts, by Richard F. Fenno, Jr.
Leuthold, D. A. (1979) · Political Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2150167 · Cited by 1,601
The Personal Vote: Constituency Service and Electoral Independence
Cain, B., Ferejohn, J., & Fiorina, M. (1987) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674493285 · Cited by 1,060
Politics, Parties, and Pressure Groups.
Matthews, D. R., & Key, V. O. (1958) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2088925 · Cited by 965
Public Opinion and American Democracy.
Scoble, H. M., & Key, V. O. (1962) · Midwest Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2108638 · Cited by 961
Berry, J. M., & Wilcox, C. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315534091 · Cited by 835
Out of Step, Out of Office: Electoral Accountability and House Members' Voting
CANES-WRONE, B., BRADY, D. W., & COGAN, J. F. (2002) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055402004276 · Cited by 831
Self-citationRobustness of the Multidimensional Voting Model: Candidate Motivations, Uncertainty, and Convergence
Calvert, R. L. (1985) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2111212 · Cited by 825
Cited by
Why Do Partisan Media Polarize Viewers?
Levendusky, M. S. (2013) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12008 · Cited by 587
Causes and Consequences of Polarization
Barber, M. J., & McCarty, N. (2015) · Solutions to Political Polarization in America · doi:10.1017/cbo9781316091906.002 · Cited by 375
CEO Sociopolitical Activism: A Stakeholder Alignment Model
Hambrick, D. C., & Wowak, A. J. (2021) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2018.0084 · Cited by 322
Polarization: What Everyone Needs to Know®
McCarty, N. (2019) · doi:10.1093/wentk/9780190867782.001.0001 · Cited by 280
Ferguson, C. J. (2021) · Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society · doi:10.1177/02704676211064567 · Cited by 33
Metadata
- Authors
- BRADY, D. W., HAN, H., & POPE, J. C.
- Venue
- Legislative Studies Quarterly
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-02
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 79-105
- ISSN
- 0362-9805 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-9162
- OpenAlex
- W1989827237
- Cited by
- 307
- References
- 51
- FWCI
- 33.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Primary Elections and Candidate Ideology: Out of Step with the Primary Electorate? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3162/036298007x201994
- The paper
- BRADY, D. W., HAN, H., & POPE, J. C. (2007). Primary Elections and Candidate Ideology: Out of Step with the Primary Electorate? Legislative Studies Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.3162/036298007x201994
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.