Antioxidant activity and lipid-lowering effect of essential oils extracted from Ocimum sanctum L. leaves in rats fed with a high cholesterol diet
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It has been reported that Ocimum sanctum L. (OS) leaves decrease serum lipid profile in normal and diabetic animals. No experimental evidences support the anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidative actions against hypercholesterolemia. Moreover the identity of the specific chemical ingredients in OS leaves responsible for these pharmacological effects are unknown. Since OS leaves are rich in essential oil (EO). Therefore the present study was conducted to investigate the anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidative activities of EO extracted from OS leaves in rats fed with high cholesterol (HC) diet. EO was extracted by the hydrodistillation method and the chemical constituents were then identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The experiment was performed in Male Wistar rats fed with 2.5 g%(w/w) of cholesterol diet for seven weeks. During the last 3 weeks, rats were daily fed with EO. The results showed that phenyl propanoid compounds including eugenol and methyl eugenol were the major constituents of EO. EO suppressed the high serum lipid profile and atherogenic index as well as serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase MB subunit without significant effect on high serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in rats fed with HC diet. In addition, EO was found to decrease the high levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) without impacting catalase (CAT) in the cardiac tissue while in the liver, it decreased high level of TBARS without significantly effecting GPx, SOD and CAT. Histopathological results confirmed that EO preserved the myocardial tissue. It can be concluded that EO extracted from OS leaves has lipid-lowering and antioxidative effects that protect the heart against hypercholesterolemia. Eugenol that is contained in EO likely contribute to these pharmacological effects.
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Ocimum sanctum essential oil decreased high levels of TBARS in cardiac and liver tissues of rats fed a high-cholesterol diet, protecting them against stress-induced oxidation.
“The oils were able to decrease the high levels of TBARS either in cardiac or liver tissues, protecting them against stress induced oxidation.”
From Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oils: A Short Review (2010) · cites this paper as [58]
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- Authors
- Suanarunsawat, T., Devakul Na Ayutthaya, W., Songsak, T., Thirawarapan, S., & Poungshompoo, S.
- Affiliations
- Rangsit University (TH)
- Mahidol University (TH)
- Chulalongkorn University (TH)
- Corresponding author
- Suanarunsawat, Thamolwan
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 52-59
- ISSN
- 0912-0009 (ISSN-L)
- 1880-5086
- PMC
- PMC2803133
- OpenAlex
- W2019928365
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 11.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Thailand Research Fund
- Ministry of Public Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Natural Products and Biological Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Keywords
- Ocimum sanctum, essential oils, hypercholesterolemia, high-cholesterol diet, hypolipidemic effect, antioxidant activity, eugenol, methyl eugenol, phenylpropanoids, lipid profile, atherogenic index, cardiac enzymes, lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, cardioprotection, hepatoprotection
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