Frequency and Effect of the Bovine Acyl-CoA:Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) K232A Polymorphism in Swedish Dairy Cattle
Open accessAbstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) is a key enzyme in triacylglycerol synthesis in the mammary gland, and the corresponding gene has emerged as a strong candidate for the variation in milk fat percentage. In this study, the allele frequencies and effects of the DGAT1 K232A variants in the Swedish dairy breeds Swedish Red and Swedish Holstein were investigated. A total of 239 cows, 143 of the Swedish Red breed and 96 of the Swedish Holstein breed, in the experimental herd at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences were genotyped for the DGAT1 polymorphism. The Swedish Red cows in the herd belonged to 1 of 2 selection lines with high or low milk fat percentage, respectively, but with similar high total milk energy production. The frequency of the K variant was found to be significantly greater in the high-fat line than in the low-fat line. The average frequency of the K variant in the 2 lines of the Swedish Red cows was 0.09 compared with 0.12 among the Swedish Holstein cows. Mixed model analysis was used to estimate the effect of the DGAT1 K232A polymorphism based on 16,866 test-day records for milk production traits. In accordance with previous studies, the most pronounced effects were found for fat and protein percentages and milk yield; and the K variant was associated with an increase in milk fat and protein percentages but less milk yield compared with the A variant. Less pronounced effects were found for yields of fat and protein for which the K variant was associated with greater fat yield but less protein yield.
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Individuals carrying the lysine (K) allele of DGAT1 exhibit a higher milk fat percentage, whereas those with the alanine (A) allele show higher milk protein content and total milk yield.
“Individuals carrying the lysine (K) allele exhibit a higher milk fat percentage in both Holstein and other indigenous dairy cattle breeds, whereas those with the alanine (A) allele show higher milk protein content and total milk yield [151,152,153,154].”
From The Genomic Landscape of Cattle: Domestication, Dispersal, and Adaptive Evolution (2026) · cites this paper as [151]
The Abstract (page unavailable) associates the K variant with higher milk fat percentage and lower milk yield than the A variant, supporting those parts of the claim in Swedish Holstein and Swedish Red cattle. It also associates K—not A—with higher milk protein percentage, contrary to the claim about protein content. The Effect of the DGAT1 K232A Polymorphism section (page unavailable) reports no observed milk-yield differences between the three genotypes. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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- Authors
- Näslund, J., Fikse, W. F., Pielberg, G. R., & Lundén, A.
- Affiliations
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Näslund, J.
- Venue
- Journal of Dairy Science
- Publisher
- American Dairy Science Association
- Published
- 2008-05
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2127-2134
- ISSN
- 0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2015432991
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Stiftelsen Lantbruksforskning
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Milk Quality and Mastitis in Dairy Cows
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Keywords
- DGAT1, K232A polymorphism, triglyceride synthesis, milk fat content, milk protein percentage, milk yield, Swedish Red, Swedish Holstein, dairy cattle, allele frequency, selection lines, genetic factors
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Breeding, Cattle, Fats, Female, Gene Frequency, Genotype, Lactation, Milk, Milk Proteins, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Genetic, Selection, Genetic, Sweden, Models, Statistical, Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase
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