Nutritive value, fermentation characteristics, and in situ disappearance kinetics of sorghum silage treated with inoculants
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Fibrolytic enzymes and microbial inoculants have the potential to improve the value of sorghum feedstuff and feedstock. An experiment was conducted to determine nutritive value, ensiling characteristics, and in situ disappearance kinetics of 4 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) silage varieties: Dairy Master BMR (DBMR; brown midrib; Richardson Seed, Vega, TX), PS 747 (PS; photoperiod sensitive; Pogue Seed, Kenedy, TX), Silo 700D (S700D; conventional forage type; Richardson Seed), and MMR 381/73 (MMR; conventional forage type; Richardson Seed) pretreated with fibrolytic enzyme (xylanase plus cellulase, XC; 50:50 mixture of Cellulase Plus and Xylanase Plus; Dyadic, Juniper, FL) or microbial [Promote ASB (Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus plantarum); Cargill Animal Nutrition, Indianapolis, IN; PRO] inoculants. The greatest yield was for cultivar PS and the least for MMR. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration was least for XC-treated silage, and acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentration was least for XC- and PRO-treated silage. When silage was treated with XC, concentrations of NDF concentrations decreased, on average, 4.81% across all cultivars and ADF concentrations decreased, on average, 3.23% in all cultivars except MMR. Inoculant PRO reduced the NDF concentration of DBMR by 6.47%. The ADF concentrations of DBMR and PS treated with PRO were decreased by 3.25%. Treating sorghum silage with XC or PRO reduced the NDF and ADF fractions, which increased cell wall degradability. In vitro true digestibility was greatest for PRO-treated DBMR, whereas acid detergent lignin was least for PRO-treated DBMR. Aerobic stability was not improved by PRO; however, aerobic stability of XC-treated MMR was 63 h greater than that of the control. Acetate concentrations were greatest for XC-treated MMR, which explains the 63-h improvement in aerobic stability due to the inhibition of fungi. However, inoculant PRO did not improve yeast and mold counts or aerobic stability of sorghum silage compared with the control, which may be due to the lesser acetate concentrations, especially of PRO-treated S700D silage. Generally, in situ disappearance kinetics were improved with the application of XC and PRO, and XC had the greatest effect on silage with greater NDF and ADF concentrations.
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Some failures of combination inoculants may be due to competition from members within the epiphytic population; other failures suggest that pairings of strains in some inoculants may need to be further refined.
“Some failures may be due to competition from members within the epiphytic population; however, other failures suggest that the pairings of strains in some inoculants may need to be further refined (e.g., Thomas et al., 2013).”
From Silage review: Recent advances and future uses of silage additives (2018) · cites this paper as Thomas et al. (2013)
The Forage Production and Ensiling section identifies PRO as a bacterial inoculant containing five species, and the Conclusions report that it did not improve aerobic stability. The paper therefore provides an example of a combination inoculant with a limited result, but it does not attribute failures to competition from epiphytic microbes or suggest refining strain pairings. The Fermentation Indices and Aerobic Stability section instead suggests lower acetate concentrations as a possible explanation for PRO’s failure to improve aerobic stability; page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn 4 sorghum cultivars, a combination inoculant (Lb. buchneri, P. acidilactici, P. pentosaceus, Lb. plantarum, E. faecium) did not produce silage more heterofermentative than untreated.
“The inoculant did not produce silage that was more heterofermentative than the corresponding untreated silage.”
From Silage review: Recent advances and future uses of silage additives (2018) · cites this paper as Thomas et al. (2013)
In 2 of 4 sorghum cultivars, the inoculated silage had a more homofermentative fermentation profile than control, and the inoculant did not improve aerobic stability in any cultivar.
“in 2 of the 4 cultivars the inoculated silage had a more homofermentative fermentation profile compared with the control; not surprisingly, this inoculant did not improve aerobic stability in any of the cultivars.”
From Silage review: Recent advances and future uses of silage additives (2018) · cites this paper as Thomas et al. (2013)
In 4 sorghum cultivars, a combination inoculant increased in vitro true digestibility over untreated in only 1 cultivar.
“In only 1 of the 4 cultivars was in vitro true digestibility increased by the inoculant over that of untreated silage.”
From Silage review: Recent advances and future uses of silage additives (2018) · cites this paper as Thomas et al. (2013)
The lower DM induced by LpM15 use could lead to a DM loss.
“The lower DM induced by LpM15 use, which might be due to a slow pH drop, is an unfortunate event as it could lead to a DM lost (Thomas et al., 2013).”
From Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Different Forages as Silage Inoculants for Improving Fermentation Quality and Aerobic Stability (2020) · cites this paper as Thomas et al., 2013
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is extensively used as an inoculant for ensiling of lucerne, sorghum, maize, ryegrass, and other forages.
“Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is a species extensively used as inoculant for ensiling of lucerne (Filya et al., 2007; Zhao et al., 2020), sorghum (Thomas et al., 2013), maize (Dogi et al., 2013; Herrmann et al., 2015), ryegrass (Srigopalram et al., 2017; Muthusamy et al., 2020), and other forages (Ávila et al., 2010; Ni et al., 2015).”
From Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Different Forages as Silage Inoculants for Improving Fermentation Quality and Aerobic Stability (2020) · cites this paper as Thomas et al., 2013
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Rocha, A. M., de Sousa, A. R., da Silva, D. C. F., do Nascimento, R. R., Barros, D. M. A., Barros, L. D. S., Camboim, L. F. R., Bezerra, L. R., de Araújo, M. J., & Edvan, R. L. (2023) · Editora Conhecimento Livre eBooks · doi:10.37423/230207171
de Lima, T. H., Soares, J. C. W., de Freitas, H. M., Ruviaro, C., Brum, L. N., Campos, V. F., da Silva, M. O., & Gonçalves, L. D. S. (2023) · Editora Conhecimento Livre eBooks · doi:10.37423/230207186
de Lima, T. H., Soares, J. C. W., de Freitas, H. M., Ruviaro, C., Brum, L. N., Campos, V. F., da Silva, M. O., & Gonçalves, L. D. S. (2023) · Editora Conhecimento Livre eBooks · doi:10.37423/230207184
UMA ABORDAGEM SISTÊMICA DA PRODUÇÃO AGROPECUÁRIA EM MEIO AO CENÁRIO DE CONVIVÊNCIA COM O SEMIÁRIDO
Siqueira, T. D. S., Andrade, M. F., Melo, D. D. B., Guimarães, J. D. S., Miranda, T. B., Tutu, C. M. N., & Nogueira, N. I. D. B. S. (2023) · Editora Conhecimento Livre eBooks · doi:10.37423/230107120
AVALIAÇÃO DA CASCA DE Myracrodruon urundeuva (AROEIRA PRETA) ATRAVÉS DA PROSPECÇÃO FITOQUÍMICA
Macedo, N. R., Cupertino, G. F. M., de Oliveira, A. C. L., de Souza, N. D., & Júnior, A. F. D. (2023) · Editora Conhecimento Livre eBooks · doi:10.37423/230107043
CRISE HÍDRICA EM MUNICÍPIOS DO VALE DO PIANCÓ, SERTÃO PARAIBANO: CAUSAS E CONSEQUÊNCIAS.
Sobrinho, A. I., José Ronaldo de, L. I. M. A., FILHO, J. H., NETTO, J. G. D. N., & de Sousa, G. B. (2023) · Editora Conhecimento Livre eBooks · doi:10.37423/230107045
Ciências agrárias: estudos fundamentais
(2023) · Editora Conhecimento Livre eBooks · doi:10.37423/2023.edcl661
Lameira, O. A., Cordeiro, I. M. C. C., Neves, R. L. P., de Oliveira, E. C. P., & Rodrigues, S. D. M. (2023) · Editora Conhecimento Livre eBooks · doi:10.37423/230107090
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Development History of Silage Science and Technology
Guo, X. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-5787-2_2
Liu, X., Romero, N., Cronin, S., da Silva, E. B., Kung, L., & Gressley, T. F. (2025) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116603
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Evaluation of silage quality of three sorghum varieties using in livestock systems of Burkina Faso
Delma, B. J., Tapsoba, F., Ouattara, N., & Yoda, G. M. L. (2025) · International Journal of Biosciences (IJB) · doi:10.12692/ijb/27.6.72-81
- Authors
- Thomas, M. E., Foster, J. L., McCuistion, K. C., Redmon, L. A., & Jessup, R. W.
- Affiliations
- Texas A&M University (US)
- Texas A&M University System (US)
- Texas A&M University – Kingsville (US)
- Corresponding author
- Foster, J.L.
- Venue
- Journal of Dairy Science
- Publisher
- American Dairy Science Association
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 7120-7131
- ISSN
- 0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2026805412
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2025: 9 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 3.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- Keywords
- sorghum silage, sorghum, silage inoculants, fibrolytic enzymes, xylanase, cellulase, Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus plantarum, aerobic stability, cell wall degradability, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acetate, yeast and mold counts
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Cattle, Edible Grain, Zea mays, Dietary Fiber, Fermentation, Kinetics, Lactobacillus, Male, Nutritive Value, Rumen, Silage, Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases, Cellulases, Sorghum
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