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Cited by 79Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyCrop Yield and Soil FertilityAnimal Nutrition and Physiology

Relationships between dry matter content, ensiling, ammonia-nitrogen and ruminal in vitro starch digestibility in high-moisture corn samples

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Ferraretto, L.F., Taysom, K., Taysom, D.M., Shaver, R.D., Hoffman, P.C.·2014·Journal of Dairy Science
DOI 10.3168/jds.2013-7680
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Abstract

The objectives of the study were (1) to determine relationships between high-moisture corn (HMC) dry matter (DM), ammonia-N [% of crude protein (CP)], and soluble CP concentrations, and pH, with 7-h ruminal in vitro starch digestibility (ivStarchD), and (2) to evaluate the effect of ensiling on pH, ammonia-N, soluble CP, and ivStarchD measurements in HMC. A data set comprising 6,131 HMC samples (55 to 80% DM) obtained from a commercial feed analysis laboratory was used for this study. Month of sample submittal was assumed to be associated with length of the ensiling period. Data for month of sample submittal were analyzed using Proc Mixed in SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) with month as a fixed effect. Regressions to determine linear and quadratic relationships between ivStarchD and ammonia-N, soluble CP, pH, and DM content were performed using Proc Mixed. The ivStarchD increased by 9 percentage units from October to August of the following year. Similar results were observed for ammonia-N and soluble CP with increases from 1.8 to 4.6% of CP and 31.3 to 46.4% of CP, respectively, from October to August of the following year. Ammonia-N was positively related to ivStarchD (R(2)=0.61). The DM content of HMC at silo removal was negatively related (R(2)=0.47) to ivStarchD with a decrease of 1.6 percentage units in ivStarchD per 1-percentage-unit increase in DM content. The pH of HMC was negatively related to ammonia-N (R(2)=0.53), soluble CP (R(2)=0.57), and ivStarchD (R(2)=0.51). Combined, ammonia-N, DM, soluble CP, and pH provided a good prediction of ivStarchD (adjusted R(2)=0.70). Increasing pH, ammonia-N, soluble CP, and ivStarchD values indicate that HMC may need up to 10 mo of ensiling to reach maximum starch digestibility. Ammonia-N, DM content, soluble CP concentration, and pH are good indicators of ruminal in vitro starch digestibility for high-moisture corn.

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  • Proteolysis occurs naturally during ensiling, but it requires as much as 10 mo for the protein matrix to be hydrolyzed to an extent that optimizes starch availability in corn silage.

    “Proteolysis occurs naturally during ensiling (Hoffman et al., 2011), but it requires as much as 10 mo for the protein matrix to be hydrolyzed to an extent that optimizes starch availability in corn silage (Ferraretto et al., 2014).”

    From Silage review: Recent advances and future uses of silage additives (2018) · cites this paper as Ferraretto et al., 2014

    The Results and Discussion (page not available in our copy) report that in vitro starch digestibility of high-moisture corn increased from October to the following August and say this was likely related to disruption of the starch–protein matrix during ensiling. They do not establish that 10 months are required for hydrolysis to optimize starch availability, or that the finding applies to corn silage generally rather than high-moisture corn. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  1. [32]32. Saxton, A. M. 1998. A macro for converting mean separation output to letter groupings in Proc Mixed. Pages 1243-1246 in Proc. 23rd SAS Users Group Int., SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.

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Authors
Ferraretto, L. F., Taysom, K., Taysom, D. M., Shaver, R. D., & Hoffman, P. C.
Affiliations
University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
Corresponding author
Shaver, R.D.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Dairy Science
Publisher
American Dairy Science Association
Published
2014-05
Volume
97
Issue
5
Pages
3221-3227
ISSN
0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3168/jds.2013-7680
OpenAlex
W2007312522
Cited by
79
References
36
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3
FWCI
7.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Keywords
high-moisture corn, silage fermentation, ammonia nitrogen, dry matter content
MeSH terms
Ammonia, Animals, Animal Feed, Cattle, Zea mays, Digestion, Female, Fermentation, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Nitrogen, Rumen, Seasons, Silage, Starch, In Vitro Techniques

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