Proteolysis, Fermentation Efficiency, and in vitro Ruminal Digestion of Peanut Stover Ensiled with Raw or Heated Corn
Open accessAbstract
Peanut stover (PS) is similar to full-bloom alfalfa hay in chemical composition. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of adding raw or heated corn meal to PS at ensiling on silage N components, fermentation acids, and digestion by ruminal microorganisms. The PS was collected after harvesting of peanuts and ensiled immediately without and with addition of raw or heated corn meal (100 g/kg of fresh weight). Corn was added to PS so that the initial mixture would contain adequate dry matter (DM) (approximately 30%) and additional nonfiber carbohydrate to enhance silage fermentation. After 8 wk of silo fermentation, corn-treated silages contained less structural carbohydrates but more non-fiber carbohydrates compared with the untreated control. A shift from hemicellulose to nonfiber carbohydrate use during silage fermentation was evident by corn treatment. Additional corn at ensiling resulted in silage N with less water-soluble N, protein N, nonprotein N, nonprotein nonammonia N (peptides plus amino acids), and ammonia N. Based on changes in soluble nonprotein N before and after ensiling, the amount of proteolysis was approximately 66% for control silage and was nearly 40% lower in response to corn treatment. Adding corn increased silage lactic acid, but both acetic and propionic acids decreased. These changes were reflected in the lower pH and higher fermentation efficiency with corn-treated silages. More DM was digested and greater amounts of volatile fatty acids, except for branched-chain acids, were produced in vitro by ruminal microorganisms with corn-treated silages. In addition, incubations with silage treated with heated corn contained higher concentrations of acetic and propionic acids compared with raw corn. In vitro ammonia accumulation per unit of DM digested was lower for corn treatments than the control, and for heated corn vs. raw corn-treated silage. These results indicate that supplementation of either raw or heated corn on PS at ensiling could minimize proteolysis and improve fermentation efficiency. Advantages from using heated vs. raw corn could extend beyond silage fermentation and include rumen microbial fermentation.
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Coelho et al. found increased NDF in re-ensiled silages, and Yang affirms that exhaustion of water-soluble carbohydrates after ensiling resulted in increases in NDF and ADF contents.
“For instance, Coelho et al. [32] found increased percentages of NDF in re-ensiled silages, and Yang [43] affirms that the exhaustion of WSC (85% reduction) after ensiling resulted in increases on structural carbohydrate concentrations represented by NDF and ADF contents on silages tested.”
From The Effects of Short-Time Delayed Sealing on Fermentation, Aerobic Stability and Chemical Composition on Maize Silages (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Starch hydrolysis in this study may have been caused by continued hydrolytic activity of plant enzymes before sealing, yielding additional carbohydrate substrates for lactic acid fermentation.
“In this study, starch hydrolysis may have been caused by the continued hydrolytic activity of the plant enzyme before sealing, yielding additional carbohydrate substrates needed for lactic acid fermentation [43].”
From The Effects of Short-Time Delayed Sealing on Fermentation, Aerobic Stability and Chemical Composition on Maize Silages (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
The negative correlation with NDF and ADF parameters is in accordance with WSC exhaustion as a result of the extended air exposure (210 min delay samples).
“The negative correlation with NDF and ADF parameters are in accordance with WSC exhaustion as a result of the extended air exposure (210 min delay samples) [18,43].”
From The Effects of Short-Time Delayed Sealing on Fermentation, Aerobic Stability and Chemical Composition on Maize Silages (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
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- Authors
- Yang, C.-M. J.
- Affiliations
- National Ilan University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Yang, C.-M.J.
- ORCID
- Yang, C.-M.J.
- Venue
- Journal of Dairy Science
- Publisher
- American Dairy Science Association
- Published
- 2005-08
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2903-2910
- ISSN
- 0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2139350308
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Council (92-2313-B-197-008)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
- Keywords
- silage, proteolysis, ruminal digestion, volatile fatty acids, ammonia accumulation, non-protein nitrogen, silage pH, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, non-fiber carbohydrates, hemicellulose utilization
- MeSH terms
- Ammonia, Animals, Carbohydrates, Zea mays, Digestion, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Fermentation, Food Handling, Hot Temperature, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Nitrogen, Arachis, Peptide Hydrolases, Propionates, Rumen, Silage, Acetic Acid, Lactic Acid
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