Cited by 584Agricultural Engineering and MechanizationRuminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyAnimal Nutrition and Physiology

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A Simple Method for the Analysis of Particle Sizes of Forage and Total Mixed Rations

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Lammers, B.P., Buckmaster, D.R., Heinrichs, A.J.·1996·Journal of Dairy Science

DOI 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(96)76442-1

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Abstract

A simple separator was developed to determine the particle sizes of forage and TMR that allows for easy separation of wet forage into three fractions and also allows plotting of the particle size distribution. The device was designed to mimic the laboratory-scale separator for forage particle sizes that was specified by Standard S424 of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. A comparison of results using the standard device and the newly developed separator indicated no difference in ability to predict fractions of particles with maximum length of less than 8 and 19 mm. The separator requires a small quantity of sample (1.4 L) and is manually operated. The materials on the screens and bottom pan were weighed to obtain the cumulative percentage of sample that was undersize for the two fractions. The results were then plotted using the Weibull distribution, which proved to be the best fit for the data. Convenience samples of haycrop silage, corn silage, and TMR from farms in the northeastern US were analyzed using the forage and TMR separator, and the range of observed values are given.

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Authors: Lammers, B. P., Buckmaster, D. R., & Heinrichs, A. J.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
ORCID: Buckmaster, D.R.
Heinrichs, A.J.
Venue: Journal of Dairy Science
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Published: 1996-05
Volume: 79
Issue: 5
Pages: 922-928
ISSN: 0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(96)76442-1
OpenAlex: W2152106564
Semantic Scholar: 8547f98d71e38038e218a05ccc67cd253dfed83c
Cited by: 582
References: 17
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 28
FWCI: 7.45
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 8289 d)
Locations: Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Keywords: forage particle size, total mixed ration, particle size distribution, Weibull distribution, corn silage, dairy cattle nutrition, particle size fractions
MeSH terms: Animals, Animal Feed, Cattle, Zea mays, Dairying, Female, Particle Size, Silage

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A Simple Method for the Analysis of Particle Sizes of Forage and Total Mixed Rations

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