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Animal models of addiction

Spanagel, Rainer·2017·Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
DOI 10.31887/dcns.2017.19.3/rspanagelPMC PMC5741108
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Figure 1 Experimental timeline for measuring incubation of drug-seeking behavior (craving) in rats. Behavioral training and testing is according to Grimm et al.38 Cocaine-self-administration training consists of 16 daily (day 2 to day 1 8) 6-hour sessions during which nose poking at the active hole under a fixed ratio 1 (FR1) of response is reinforced by 0.5 mg/kg/infusion of cocaine. Cocaine availability is signaled by illumination of the blue light. Each earned infusion is coupled to the presentation of two discrete cues (light and tone). During forced abstinence (30 days), rats remain in the home cage. Cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking is tested at withdrawal days 1 and 30 during a 2-hour session in the operant chamber. The first hour consists of extinction of nose-poking behavior, in which active nose poking is neither rewarded nor paired with the discrete light/tone cues. The second hour comprises cue-induced reinstatement and starts with turning on the blue light and one noncontingent presentation of the light/tone cues followed by contingent presentations of the light/tone cues in the absence of cocaine delivery. CSA, cocaine self-administration; D, day; WD, withdrawal day.
Figure 1 Experimental timeline for measuring incubation of drug-seeking behavior (craving) in rats. Behavioral training and testing is according to Grimm et al.38 Cocaine-self-administration training consists of 16 daily (day 2 to day 1 8) 6-hour sessions during which nose poking at the active hole under a fixed ratio 1 (FR1) of response is reinforced by 0.5 mg/kg/infusion of cocaine. Cocaine availability is signaled by illumination of the blue light. Each earned infusion is coupled to the presentation of two discrete cues (light and tone). During forced abstinence (30 days), rats remain in the home cage. Cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking is tested at withdrawal days 1 and 30 during a 2-hour session in the operant chamber. The first hour consists of extinction of nose-poking behavior, in which active nose poking is neither rewarded nor paired with the discrete light/tone cues. The second hour comprises cue-induced reinstatement and starts with turning on the blue light and one noncontingent presentation of the light/tone cues followed by contingent presentations of the light/tone cues in the absence of cocaine delivery. CSA, cocaine self-administration; D, day; WD, withdrawal day.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Behavioral characterization of 0crit and 3crit rats in the multisymptomatic model of cocaine addiction. 3crit rats show higher responding than 0crit rats in each criteria. (A) Persistence of cocaine seeking expressed by the sum of active nose pokes during no-drug periods in a session. (B) Motivation for cocaine intake expressed as the break point during a progressive ratio session. (C) Resistance to punishment when cocaine seeking and cocaine taking are paired with a footshock. (D) 0crit and 3crit rats do not differ in number of selfadministered cocaine injections. Data are shown as mean ± SEM; ****P<0.0001 with respect to 0crit. CSA, cocaine self-administration; SEM standard error of the mean.
Figure 2 Behavioral characterization of 0crit and 3crit rats in the multisymptomatic model of cocaine addiction. 3crit rats show higher responding than 0crit rats in each criteria. (A) Persistence of cocaine seeking expressed by the sum of active nose pokes during no-drug periods in a session. (B) Motivation for cocaine intake expressed as the break point during a progressive ratio session. (C) Resistance to punishment when cocaine seeking and cocaine taking are paired with a footshock. (D) 0crit and 3crit rats do not differ in number of selfadministered cocaine injections. Data are shown as mean ± SEM; ****P<0.0001 with respect to 0crit. CSA, cocaine self-administration; SEM standard error of the mean.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Spanagel, R.
Affiliations
Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
Venue
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2017-09-30
Volume
19
Issue
3
Pages
247-258
ISSN
1958-5969
DOI
10.31887/dcns.2017.19.3/rspanagel
PMC
PMC5741108
Cited by
221
References
9
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ (vor)

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Spanagel, R. (2017). Animal models of addiction. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.31887/dcns.2017.19.3/rspanagel