Effects of computer gaming on cognition, brain structure, and function: a critical reflection on existing literature
Open accessAbstract
Video gaming as a popular form of leisure activity and its effect on cognition, brain function, and structure has come into focus in the field of neuroscience. Visuospatial cognition and attention seem to benefit the most, whereas for executive functions, memory, and general cognition, the results are contradictory. The particular characteristics of video games driving these effects remain poorly understood. We critically discuss major challenges for the existing research, namely, the lack of precise definitions of video gaming, the lack of distinct choice of cognitive ability under study, and the lack of standardized study protocols. Less research exists on neural changes in addition to cognitive changes due to video gaming. Existing studies reveal evidence for the involvement of similar brain regions in functional and structural changes. There seems to be a predominance in the hippocampal, prefrontal, and parietal brain regions; however, studies differ immensely, which makes a meta-analytic interpretation vulnerable. We conclude that theoretical work is urgently needed. .
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The cognitive benefits of video games have support from multiple observational and experimental studies.
“Empirically, the cognitive benefits of video games have support from multiple observational and experimental studies23–25.”
From The impact of digital media on children’s intelligence while controlling for genetic differences in cognition and socioeconomic background (2022) · cites this paper as [24]
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- Authors
- Kühn, S., Gallinat, J., & Mascherek, A.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Kühn, Simone
- Venue
- Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-09-30
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 319-330
- ISSN
- 1294-8322 (ISSN-L)
- 1958-5969
- PMC
- PMC6829166
- OpenAlex
- W2989619420
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 4.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Jacobs Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Digital Games and Media
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- video gaming, computer gaming, cognition, brain structure, brain function, visuospatial cognition, attention, executive function, memory, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Brain, Cognition, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Memory, Neuronal Plasticity, Video Games, Executive Function
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