Critical Thinking: Why Is It so Hard to Teach?

All Other Things Being Equal: Acquisition and Transfer of the Control of Variables Strategy

Chen, Z., & Klahr, D. (1999) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00081 · Cited by 736 · see citing works

Causal learning mechanisms in very young children: Two-, three-, and four-year-olds infer causal relations from patterns of variation and covariation.

Alison Gopnik, C., Sobel, D. M., Schulz, L., & Glymour, C. (2001) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.37.5.620 · Cited by 521 · see citing works

Strategies of Knowledge Acquisition

Kuhn, D., García-Milà, M., Zohar, A. E., Andersen, C., White, S. H., Klahr, D., & Carver, S. M. (1995) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1166059 · Cited by 419 · see citing works

Theory and evidence: the development of scientific reasoning

(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-3823 · Cited by 366 · see citing works

‘Philosophy for children’: a systematic review

Trickey, S., & Topping, K. J. (2004) · Research Papers in Education · doi:10.1080/0267152042000248016 · Cited by 309 · see citing works

Teaching science problem solving: An overview of experimental work

Taconis, R., Ferguson‐Hessler, M. G. M., & Broekkamp, H. (2001) · Journal of Research in Science Teaching · doi:10.1002/tea.1013 · Cited by 193 · see citing works

Learning scientific reasoning skills in microcomputer‐based laboratories

Friedler, Y., Nachmias, R., & Linn, M. C. (1990) · Journal of Research in Science Teaching · doi:10.1002/tea.3660270208 · Cited by 165 · see citing works

Causal Models and Experimentation Strategies in Scientific Reasoning

Schauble, L., Glaser, R. A., Raghavan, K., & Reiner, M. (1991) · Journal of the Learning Sciences · doi:10.1207/s15327809jls0102_3 · Cited by 156 · see citing works

Learning to think: The challenges of teaching thinking

Ritchhart, R., & Perkins, D. N. (2005) · Cited by 87 · see citing works

Thinking Skills Curricula: Their Promise and Progress

Adams, M. (1989) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1207/s15326985ep2401_2 · Cited by 80 · see citing works

Synthesis of Research on the Effectiveness of Intellectual Skills Programs: Snake-Oil Remedies or Miracle Cures?.

Sternberg, R. J., & Bhana, K. (1986) · Educational leadership · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Can Scientists Rationally Assess Conditional Inferences?

Tweney, R. D., & Yachanin, S. A. (1985) · Social Studies of Science · doi:10.1177/030631285015001006 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Problem-solving bias in scientists

Mahoney, M. J., & DeMonbreun, B. G. (1981) · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Epistemic Vigilance

SPERBER, D., CLÉMENT, F., HEINTZ, C., MASCARO, O., MERCIER, H., ORIGGI, G., & WILSON, D. (2010) · Mind & Language · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0017.2010.01394.x · Cited by 1,795 · see citing works

Creativity, Critical Thinking, Communication, and Collaboration: Assessment, Certification, and Promotion of 21st Century Skills for the Future of Work and Education

Thornhill-Miller, B., Camarda, A., Mercier, M., Burkhardt, J.-M., Morisseau, T., Bourgeois-Bougrine, S., Vinchon, F., El Hayek, S., Augereau-Landais, M., Mourey, F., et al. (2023) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence11030054 · Cited by 768 · see citing works

The Impact of Generative AI on Critical Thinking: Self-Reported Reductions in Cognitive Effort and Confidence Effects From a Survey of Knowledge Workers

Lee, H.-P. (., Sarkar, A., Tankelevitch, L., Drosos, I., Rintel, S., Banks, R., & Wilson, N. (2025) · Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713778 · Cited by 490 · see citing works

Critical Thinking in Practice: The Priorities and Practices of Instructors Teaching in Higher Education

Bellaera, L., Weinstein-Jones, Y., Ilie, S., & Baker, S. T. (2021) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2021.100856 · Cited by 182 · see citing works

CREATE Cornerstone: Introduction to Scientific Thinking, a New Course for STEM-Interested Freshmen, Demystifies Scientific Thinking through Analysis of Scientific Literature

Gottesman, A. J., & Hoskins, S. G. (2013) · CBE—Life Sciences Education · doi:10.1187/cbe.12-11-0201 · Cited by 123 · see citing works

Developing critical thinking skills through gamification

Angelelli, C. V., Ribeiro, G. M. D. C., Severino, M. R., Johnstone, E., Borzenkova, G., & da Silva, D. C. O. (2023) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101354 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Observations and Reflections on Visualization Literacy in Elementary School

Chevalier, F., Henry Riche, N., Alper, B., Plaisant, C., Boy, J., & Elmqvist, N. (2018) · IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications · doi:10.1109/mcg.2018.032421650 · Cited by 59 · see citing works

What does critical thinking mean? Examination of pre-service teachers’ cognitive structures and definitions for critical thinking

Altun, E., & Yildirim, N. (2023) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101367 · Cited by 59 · see citing works

Tutor CoPilot: A Human-AI Approach for Scaling Real-Time Expertise

Wang, R., Ribeiro, A., Robinson, C., Loeb, S., & Demszky, D. (2024) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5363154/v1 · Cited by 53 · see citing works

Critical Analysis of Primary Literature in a Master’s-Level Class: Effects on Self-Efficacy and Science-Process Skills

Abdullah, C., Parris, J., Lie, R., Guzdar, A., & Tour, E. (2015) · CBE—Life Sciences Education · doi:10.1187/cbe.14-10-0180 · Cited by 46 · see citing works

Beyond the “Wow” Factor: Using Generative AI for Increasing Generative Sense-Making

Makransky, G., Shiwalia, B. M., Herlau, T., & Blurton, S. (2025) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-025-10039-x · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Contextual Debiasing and Critical Thinking: Reasons for Optimism

Correia, V. (2018) · Topoi · doi:10.1007/s11245-016-9388-x · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Critical Thinking Assessment in Engineering Education: A Scopus-Based Literature Review

Deo, S., & Hölttä-Otto, K. (2024) · Journal of Mechanical Design · doi:10.1115/1.4064275 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Just Figures: A Method to Introduce Students to Data Analysis One Figure at a Time

Massimelli, J., Denaro, K., Sato, B., Kadandale, P., & Boury, N. (2019) · Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education · doi:10.1128/jmbe..v20i2.1690 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Susquehanna Chorale Spring Concert "Roots and Wings"

Hawkins, D. (2017)

Critical Thinking

Bailin, S., & Siegel, H. (2003) · doi:10.1002/9780470996294.ch11 · Cited by 101 · see citing works

Personality correlates and utilitarian judgments in the everyday context: Psychopathic traits and differential effects of empathy, social dominance orientation, and dehumanization beliefs

Takamatsu, R. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.03.029 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Amount of altruistic punishment accounts for subsequent emotional gratification in participants with primary psychopathy

Masui, K., Iriguchi, S., Nomura, M., & Ura, M. (2011) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.07.006 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

The Information Used to Judge Supportiveness Depends on Whether the Judgment Reflects the Personality of Perceivers, the Objective Characteristics of Targets, or their Unique Relationships

Lakey, B., Lutz, C. J., & Scoboria, A. (2004) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.23.6.817.54806 · Cited by 14 · see citing works