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A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Alpha Lipoic Acid in Alzheimer's Disease
Open accessAbstract
Oxidative stress, inflammation, and increased cholesterol levels are all mechanisms that have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Several epidemiologic studies have reported a decreased risk of AD with fish consumption. This pilot study was designed to evaluate the effects of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids alone (ω-3) or omega-3 plus alpha lipoic acid (ω-3 + LA) compared to placebo on oxidative stress biomarkers in AD. The primary outcome measure was peripheral F2-isoprostane levels (oxidative stress measure). Secondary outcome measures included performance on: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Activities of Daily Living/Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (ADL/IADL), and Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog). Thirty-nine AD subjects were randomized to one of three groups: 1) placebo, 2) ω-3, or 3) ω-3 + LA for a treatment duration of 12 months. Eighty seven percent (34/39) of the subjects completed the 12-month intervention. There was no difference between groups at 12 months in peripheral F2-isoprostane levels (p = 0.83). The ω-3 + LA and ω-3 were not significantly different than the placebo group in ADAS-cog (p = 0.98, p = 0.86) and in ADL (p = 0.15, p = 0.82). Compared to placebo, the ω-3 + LA showed less decline in MMSE (p < 0.01) and IADL (p = 0.01) and the ω-3 group showed less decline in IADL (p < 0.01). The combination of ω-3 + LA slowed cognitive and functional decline in AD over 12 months. Because the results were generated from a small sample size, further evaluation of the combination of omega-3 fatty acids plus alpha-lipoic acid as a potential treatment in AD is warranted.
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“Moreover, preclinical studies and investigations in individuals affected by Alzheimer’s disease [132] provided evidence that ALA may promote neurocognitive enhancement via pleiotropic mechanisms, including antioxidant mitochondrial activity and anti-inflammatory properties [133]”
From Cognitive remission: a novel objective for the treatment of major depression? (2016) · cites this paper as [132]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Shinto, L., Quinn, J., Montine, T., Dodge, H. H., Woodward, W., Baldauf-Wagner, S., Waichunas, D., Bumgarner, L., Bourdette, D., Silbert, L., & Kaye, J.
- Affiliations
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shinto, Lynne
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2013-10-29
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 111-120
- ISSN
- 1387-2877 (ISSN-L)
- 1875-8908
- PMC
- PMC3886557
- OpenAlex
- W1528771930
- Cited by
- 288
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 13
- FWCI
- 19.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Alzheimer s Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (AG‐08017)
- National Institute on Aging (AG 08017, P30AG008017, R21AG023805)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR00334, M01RR000334, UL1RR024140)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, omega-3 fatty acids
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Analysis of Variance, Cognition Disorders, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Thioctic Acid, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, F2-Isoprostanes
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