Cited by 289Fatty Acid Research and HealthAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsDementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

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A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Alpha Lipoic Acid in Alzheimer's Disease

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Shinto, Lynne, Quinn, Joseph, Montine, Thomas, Dodge, Hiroko H., Woodward, William, Baldauf-Wagner, Sara, Waichunas, Dana, Bumgarner, Lauren, Bourdette, Dennis, Silbert, Lisa, Kaye, Jeffrey·2013·Journal of Alzheimer's Disease

DOI 10.3233/jad-130722PMC PMC3886557

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Abstract

Oxidative stress, inflammation, and increased cholesterol levels are all mechanisms that have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Several epidemiologic studies have reported a decreased risk of AD with fish consumption. This pilot study was designed to evaluate the effects of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids alone (ω-3) or omega-3 plus alpha lipoic acid (ω-3 + LA) compared to placebo on oxidative stress biomarkers in AD. The primary outcome measure was peripheral F2-isoprostane levels (oxidative stress measure). Secondary outcome measures included performance on: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Activities of Daily Living/Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (ADL/IADL), and Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog). Thirty-nine AD subjects were randomized to one of three groups: 1) placebo, 2) ω-3, or 3) ω-3 + LA for a treatment duration of 12 months. Eighty seven percent (34/39) of the subjects completed the 12-month intervention. There was no difference between groups at 12 months in peripheral F2-isoprostane levels (p = 0.83). The ω-3 + LA and ω-3 were not significantly different than the placebo group in ADAS-cog (p = 0.98, p = 0.86) and in ADL (p = 0.15, p = 0.82). Compared to placebo, the ω-3 + LA showed less decline in MMSE (p < 0.01) and IADL (p = 0.01) and the ω-3 group showed less decline in IADL (p < 0.01). The combination of ω-3 + LA slowed cognitive and functional decline in AD over 12 months. Because the results were generated from a small sample size, further evaluation of the combination of omega-3 fatty acids plus alpha-lipoic acid as a potential treatment in AD is warranted.

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Fig. 1 Study flow.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central

Fig. 2 F2 isoprostane levels. Standardized urine F2-isoprostane levels by adjusting for creatinine. Comparison between groups measured at baseline (p = 0.03), 6 months (p = 0.78), and 12 months (p = 0.83) by linear regression adjusting for age and body mass index. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central

Fig. 3 Mini-Mental State Exam. Comparison of change scores for activities of daily living, using linear mixed effects model adjusting for age and education, error bars indicate standard error of the mean. A lower score reflects worsening of MMSE. No difference between placebo and ω-3 was found over 12 months (p = 0.80). A significant difference was found between placebo and ω-3 + LA over 12 months (p < 0.01).CC BY-NC · PubMed Central

Fig. 4 Instrumental activities of daily living. Comparison of change scores for instrumental activities of daily living, using linear mixed effects model adjusting for age and education. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean. A higher score reflects worsening of IADL. A significant difference was found between placebo and ω-3 and between placebo and ω-3+ LA over 12 months (p< 0.01, p = 0.01).CC BY-NC · PubMed Central

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Background
The pharmacology of the antioxidant lipoic acid
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Self-citation
ω-3 Fatty Acid Treatment in 174 Patients With Mild to Moderate Alzheimer Disease: OmegAD Study: A Randomized Double-blind Trial
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Authors: Shinto, L., Quinn, J., Montine, T., Dodge, H. H., Woodward, W., Baldauf-Wagner, S., Waichunas, D., Bumgarner, L., Bourdette, D., Silbert, L., & Kaye, J.
Affiliations: Oregon Health & Science University (US)
University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author: Shinto, Lynne
ORCID: Quinn, Joseph
Montine, Thomas
Dodge, Hiroko H.
Woodward, William
Bourdette, Dennis
Silbert, Lisa
Kaye, Jeffrey
Venue: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2013-10-29
Volume: 38
Issue: 1
Pages: 111-120
ISSN: 1387-2877 (ISSN-L)
1875-8908
DOI: 10.3233/jad-130722
PMC: PMC3886557
OpenAlex: W1528771930
Cited by: 288
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 13
FWCI: 19.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: Journal of Alzheimer s Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (AG‐08017)
National Institute on Aging (AG 08017, P30AG008017, R21AG023805)
National Center for Research Resources (M01RR00334, M01RR000334, UL1RR024140)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, omega-3 fatty acids
MeSH terms: Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Analysis of Variance, Cognition Disorders, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Thioctic Acid, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, F2-Isoprostanes

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A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Alpha Lipoic Acid in Alzheimer's Disease

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