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Lipid Peroxidation and Oxidative imbalance: Early functional events in Alzheimer's disease
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing public health problem worldwide. Clinically, AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a global cognitive decline. Accumulating evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species-mediated reactions, particularly of neuronal lipids, are extensive in those AD brain areas directly involved in the disease processes. Traditional views claim that oxidative-mediated tissue injury in the AD brain is the result of neurodegeneration. In recent years, numerous investigations have pointed to the functional importance of oxidative imbalance as a crucial event in mediating AD pathogenesis. The availability of specific and sensitive markers to monitor in vivo oxidative stress, in combination with studies performed in living patients with clinical diagnosis of AD are helping us to elucidate these issues. The evidence we have accumulated so far clearly indicates that oxidative imbalance and subsequent oxidative stress are early events during the evolution of the disease, and secondary to specific mechanism(s) present in AD but not in other neurodegenerative diseases. These new concepts implicate that this phenomenon may play a more important role in AD pathogenesis than previously anticipated, and that any therapeutic intervention targeting oxidative stress should be initiated at the earliest possible stage of the disease.
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“the brain contains the high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in its membrane rich architecture”
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“lipid peroxidation could be a major feature of ferroptosis in AD”
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“Indeed, lipid peroxidation is believed to be an early event in AD pathogenesis [9].”
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“Since the brain contains the high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in its membrane rich architecture, lipid peroxidation could be a major feature of ferroptosis in AD [53,54].”
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“Furthermore, Pratico and Sung investigated a marker of lipid peroxidation in vivo using urine, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from living patients, in combination with the clinical diagnosis of AD, and found that oxidative damage to lipids is an early event during the evolution of the disease (5).”
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“Increased levels of oxidation markers have been measured in cerebral spinal fluid of MCI and AD patients (Praticò & Sung 2004; Praticò et al. 2002).”
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“The following ROS are the main ones involved in AD: superoxide (O 2 •-); hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ); hydroxyl radical (OH • ); and nitric oxide (NO).”
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“Similarly, malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal, products of lipid peroxidation, are also increased in multiple brain regions of patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) [6].”
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“As well, the activities of several endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase have been observed in both the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system tissues of AD patients (Pratico and Sung, 2004).”
BackgroundAβ solubility and deposition during AD progression and in APP × PS-1 knock-in mice
Murphy, M. P., Beckett, T. L., Ding, Q., Patel, E., Markesbery, W. R., Clair, D. K. S., LeVine, H., & Keller, J. N. (2007) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2007.06.002 · Cited by 87
“…oxidative damage relative to control subjects (Butterfield et al., 2006; Ding et al., 2005; Keller et al., 2005; Markesbery et al., 2005), a process thatmay be a potential component of Aβ-induced neurotoxicity (Butterfield and Boyd-Kimball, 2004; Mattson, 2004; Pratico and Sung, 2004; Reddy, 2006).”
BackgroundThe calcium–iron connection in ferroptosis-mediated neuronal death
Gleitze, S., Paula-Lima, A. C., Núñez, M. T., & Hidalgo, C. (2021) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.231 · Cited by 84
Chen, J. J., Thiyagarajah, M. T., Song, J., Chen, C. C., Herrmann, N., Gallagher, D., Rapoport, M. J., Black, S. E., Ramirez, J., Andreazza, A. C., et al. (2022) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-022-00961-5 · Cited by 88
Accelerated Amyloid Beta Pathogenesis by Bacterial Amyloid FapC
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Uchida, Y., Kan, H., Sakurai, K., Oishi, K., & Matsukawa, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.938092 · Cited by 88
“Furthermore, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, hallmark features of ferroptosis, are considered an early event in AD pathogenesis (Praticò and Sung, 2004).”
BackgroundRukhsana Sultana, A., & Butterfield, D. A. (2012) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2012-129018 · Cited by 84
“[17–28].”
The protective role of plant biophenols in mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease
Omar, S. H., Scott, C., Hamlin, A. S., & Obied, H. K. (2017) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.02.016 · Cited by 84
“Altered composition of various phospholipids and elevated levels of lipid peroxidation products such as malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal and isoprostanes are frequently described in AD patients [57, 137, 147-149].”
BackgroundYang, S., Wang, W., Ling, T.-J., Feng, Y., Du, X., Zhang, X., Sun, X., Zhao, M., Xue, D., & Yang, Y. (2010) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2010.09.011 · Cited by 82
“ROS-induced injury was found in AD brains (Pratico and Sung, 2004).”
BackgroundConformational Altered p53 as an Early Marker of Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease
Buizza, L., Cenini, G., Lanni, C., Ferrari‐Toninelli, G., Prandelli, C., Govoni, S. M., Buoso, E., Racchi, M., Barcikowska, M., Styczyńska, M., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029789 · Cited by 81
“Apart from the pathological hallmarks of the disease, which include accumulation of protein deposits in the brain as A b plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, AD brain exhibits constant evidence of ROS and RNS mediated injury [8].”
Gao, Y., Li, J., Wu, Q.-L., Wang, S., Yang, S., Li, X., Chen, N., Li, L., & Zhang, L. (2021) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108002 · Cited by 81
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“Neurodegeneration and Brain Injury A large body of evidence suggests that low levels of GSH/GSSG, elevated iron levels and lipid peroxidation are implicated in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, along with abnormal levels of ferroptosis-associated modulators (Praticò and Sung, 2004; Belaidi and Bush, 2016).”
BackgroundFerroptosis: A potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases
Vitalakumar, D., Sharma, A., & Flora, S. J. S. (2021) · Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology · doi:10.1002/jbt.22830 · Cited by 75
Ferroptosis and Tumor Drug Resistance: Current Status and Major Challenges
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Cervellati, C., Cremonini, E., Bosi, C., Magon, S., Zurlo, A., Bergamini, C. M., & Zuliani, G. (2013) · Current Alzheimer Research · doi:10.2174/1567205011310040003 · Cited by 70
Mattsson, N., Blennow, K., & Zetterberg, H. (2009) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04944.x · Cited by 69
Lawal, M., Olotu, F. A., & Soliman, M. E. S. (2018) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.05.012 · Cited by 66
Quintanilla, R. A., Orellana, J. A., & Rommy von Bernhardi, M. (2012) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.10.016 · Cited by 67
The neurobiology of isoprostanes and Alzheimer's disease
Praticò, D. (2010) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2010.01.009 · Cited by 65
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“, 2004) and ROS-mediated reactions (Casadesus et al., 2004; Pratico and Sung, 2004) are crucially involved in neurodegeneration in AD.”
BackgroundSultana, R., Baglioni, M., Cecchetti, R., Cai, J., Klein, J. B., Bastiani, P., Ruggiero, C., Mecocci, P., & Butterfield, D. A. (2013) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.001 · Cited by 64
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Serial CSF sampling in Alzheimer's disease: specific versus non-specific markers
Kester, M. I., Scheffer, P. G., Simmelink, M. J. A., Twaalfhoven, H. A. M., Verwey, N. A., Veerhuis, R., Twisk, J. W. R., Bouwman, F. H., Blankenstein, M. A., Scheltens, P., et al. (2011) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.05.013 · Cited by 63
Sahoo, K., & Sharma, A. (2023) · APOPTOSIS · doi:10.1007/s10495-022-01806-0 · Cited by 68
“Characteristics of Alzheimer's disease, such as lipid peroxidation and iron dysregulation, are caused by iron-dependent cell death, which is known as ferroptosis [19, 95].”
BackgroundRethinking Alzheimer's Disease Therapy: Are Mitochondria the Key?
Ankarcrona, M., Mangialasche, F., & Winblad, B. G. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-100327 · Cited by 60
“Since individuals with MCI are at increased risk of developing dementia [88], the evidence of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress in subjects with MCI suggests that these as early events in cognitive decline.”
BackgroundInfluentialCobalamin deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia, and dementia
Werder (2010) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s6564 · Cited by 57
Metadata
- Authors
- Praticò, D., & Sung, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Praticò, Domenico
- ORCID
- Praticò, Domenico
- Venue
- Journal of Alzheimer s Disease
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2004-04-13
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 171-175
- ISSN
- 1387-2877 (ISSN-L)
- 1875-8908
- OpenAlex
- W1889306845
- Cited by
- 229
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 8.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Alzheimer s Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG011542, AG 11542)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, lipid peroxidation
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Cognition Disorders, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Temporal Lobe, Time Factors, Lipid Peroxidation, Oxidative Stress, Isoprostanes
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